Early life urban exposure as a risk factor for developing obesity and impaired fasting glucose in later adulthood: results from two cohorts in Thailand

Table 3 Demographic factors, BMI and fasting glucose by early life urban residence

	CMU health worker study			Thai Cohort Study (TCS)
	Early life residence at age 5			Early life residence at age 10-12
	Rural n = 740	Urban n = 1064	P-value	Rural n = 37,105	Urban n = 11,385	P-value
Mean age at baseline (sd)	37.2 (8.5)	39.1 (8.5)	<0.01	30.3 (7.7)	31.8 (8.6)	<0.01
Sex: (col %, n)			<0.01			<0.01
Female	85.8	75.9		57.6	63.8.
Male	14.2	24.1		42.4	36.2
household income at follow up (col %, n)			<0.01			<0.01
<10,000 baht	6.9	12.4		25.7	11.1
10,000-20,000 baht	15.1	28.9		26.3	19.4
20,000-50,000 baht	45.0	34.2		37.3	43.2
>50,000 baht	33.0	24.5		8,9	24.6
Missing	0.0	0.0		1.8	1.7
Mean BMI at baseline (sd)	21.3 (2.2)	21.8 (2.2)	<0.01	20.8 (2.2)	20.8 (2.2)	0.14
Mean BMI at follow up (sd)	22.6 (2.8)	23.2 (2.9)	<0.01	21.5 (2.5)	21.6 (2.6)	<0.01
Mean increase in BMI (sd)	1.34 (1.8)	1.31 (1.9)	0.73	0.80 (1.6)	0.84 (1.6)	0.01
Mean fasting glucose in 2008 (sd)	83.7 (8.5)	84.0 (7.7)	0.53	Not available
Mean fasting glucose in 2013 (sd)	89.7 (8.8)	90.7 (9.1)	0.07	Not available
Increase in fasting glucose (sd)	6.0 (9.9)	6.7 (10.0)	0.26	Not available

BMI at baseline was in 2008 for CMU Health worker study and 2005 for TCS; BMI at follow up was in 2013 for CMU Health Worker study and 2009 for TCS. 32 baht is approximately 1 US dollar; For fasting glucose N for early rural = 429, early urban = 679. Unit for BMI in kg/m², Unit for fasting glucose in mg/dL

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