Table 4 Multivariate analyses of risk factors for stunting in Southern Ethiopia
From: Determinants of underweight, stunting and wasting among schoolchildren
Variable | Normal Ht/age | Stunted | Crude OR | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Male | 156 | 53 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 175 | 61 | 1(0.7,1.6) | 0.9(0.6,1.7) |
Age | ||||
7_9 | 108 | 15 | 1 | 1 |
10_14 | 223 | 99 | 3.2(1.8,5.8) | 3.4(1.7,6.6)*** |
Maternal education | ||||
No formal education | 157 | 78 | 1 | 1 |
Read and write | 103 | 21 | 0.4(0.2,0.7) | 0.5(0.3,0.9)* |
Primary education | 66 | 12 | 0.4(0.2,0.7) | 0.3(0.2,0.8)** |
Secondary and above | 5 | 3 | 1.2(0.3,5.8) | 2.5(0.2,7.0) |
Family monthly, USD | ||||
≤10 | 179 | 73 | 1 | 1 |
11-25 | 104 | 29 | 0.7(0.4,1.1) | 0.6(0.3,1.1) |
>25 | 48 | 12 | 0.6(0.3,1.2) | 0.6(0.3,1.5) |
Ascariasis | ||||
No | 165 | 57 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 166 | 57 | 1.0(0.6,1.5) | 0.8(0.5,1.4) |
Hook worm | ||||
No | 320 | 112 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 11 | 2 | 0.5(0.1,2.4) | 0.4(0.1,2.4) |
Trichuriasis | ||||
No | 322 | 104 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 9 | 10 | 3.1(1.4,8.7) | 3.9(1.4,11.6)* |
Food security status | ||||
Food secure | 200 | 42 | 1 | 1 |
Mild food insecure | 90 | 39 | 2.1(1.2,3.4) | 1.4(0.8,2.5)** |
Moderate food insecure | 13 | 16 | 5.9(2.6,13) | 4.1(1.6,10)*** |
Severe food insecure | 28 | 17 | 2.9(1.4,5.7) | 2.5(1.0,5.6)*** |
Family size | ||||
Small | 108 | 28 | 1 | 1 |
Medium | 156 | 52 | 1.3(0.7,2.1) | 1.1(0.6,2.0) |
Large | 67 | 34 | 2.0(1.1,3.5) | 1.7(0.8,3.4) |
Personal hygiene | ||||
Very good | 45 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
Good | 230 | 55 | 1.2(0.5,2.6) | 1.3(0.5,3.0) |
Poor | 56 | 50 | 4.5(1.9,10) | 6.9(2.8,17) |