Table 1 Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in population-based studies from America

Amato et al. [18] 2005

Mexico

Randomly selected participants from primary care facilities in a large city, cross-sectional study, N = 3564, response NR, aged >18 yrs., gender NR.

NR

Overall: 8.5%

Brown et al. [19] 2005

USA

Participants of the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) in 33 states, cross-sectional study, N = 6071, response NR, aged 18–101 yrs. (mean age: 52 yrs.), 32% males.

Overall: 15.6%

Men: 14.4%, Women: 16.2%

NR

Age (yrs.)

Men

Women

18–30

2.4%

2.7%

31–45

5.4%

6.4%

46–60

9.5%

11.5%

61–75

24.3%

29.9%

76+

45.6%

45.0%

Coresh et al. [20] 2005

USA

Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1999–2000), cross-sectional study, N = 4101, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47.7% males.

Overall: 3.8%

Men: 2.7%, women: 4.8%

White: 4.2%, African American: 3.4%, Mexican American: 1.2%, other: 3.2%

NR

Age (yrs.)

20–39

0.5%

40–59

1.5%

60–69

6.2%

70+

23.1%

Coresh et al. [21] 2003

USA

Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988–1994), cross-sectional study, N = 15600, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47% males.

Overall: 4.5%

Men: 3.6%, Women: 5.3%

White: 5.0%, African American: 3.3%, Mexican American: 1.0%, other: 2.2%

Overall: 7.0%

Men: 6.3%, Women: 7.7%

White: 7.5%, African American: 7.8%, Mexican American: 1.8%, other: 4.1%

Age (yrs.)

Age (yrs.)

20–39

0.2%

20–39

-

40–59

1.8%

40–59

0.8%

60–69

7.6%

60–69

10.5%

70+

24.9%

70+

^{4 9.2%}

Fox et al. [22] 2006

USA

Participants from the sixth examination of the Framingham Offspring Study, cohort study, N = 3047, response NR, mean age: 59 yrs., 48% males.

Overall: 8.6%

NR

Garg et al. [23] 2004

Canada

Participants from long-term care facilities in the elderly, retrospective cross-sectional study, N = 9931, response 85%, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 82 yrs.), 26% males.

Overall: 35.7%

Men: 27.1%, Women: 38.8%

NR

Age (yrs.)

Men

Women

65–69

9.2%

22.8%

70–74

14.9%

23.8%

75–79

21.7%

29.2%

80–84

27.5%

35.2%

85–89

32.8%

41.9%

90–94

40.5%

47.3%

95+

37.8%

50.7%

Hemmelgarn et al. [24] 2006

Canada

Participants from community-dwelling elderly in Calgary Health region, cohort study, N = 10184, response NR, aged ≥ 66 yrs., 42.6% males.

Overall: 35.4%

Men: 32%, Women: 38.2%

NR

Kramer et al. [25] 2005

USA

Participants of the Dallas Heart Study, cross-sectional survey, N = 2660, response NR, aged 30–65 yrs.(mean age: 43.9 yrs.), 49.5% males.

Overall: 1.5%

NR

Manjunath et al. [26] 2003

USA

Participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), cohort study, N = 4893, response NR, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 75.4 yrs.), 44.5% males.

Overall: 23.4%

Men: 25%, Women: 22.2%

NR

McClellan et al. [27] 2006

USA

Randomly selected participants of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, cohort study, N = 20667, response NR, aged ≥ 45 yrs., 48.8% males.

Overall: 43.3%

Men: 38.9%, Women: 47.5% White: 49.9%, African American: 33.7%

NR

Age (yrs.)

45–54

19.3%

55–64

31.6%

65–74

51.3%

75–84

62.7%

85+

71.0%