From: Adverse health effects of low levels of perceived control in Swedish and Russian community samples
 | Men | Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | Swe | Rus | Diff (95% CI) | p-value for difference | Swe | Rus | Diff (95% CI) | p-value for difference |
 | mean | mean |  |  | mean | mean |  |  |
Item 1 At home, I feel I have control over what happens in most situations | 4.38 | 4.23 | 0.15 (0.04,0.26) | 0.007 | 4.32 | 4.25 | 0.07 (-0.04,0.18) | 0.21 |
Item 2 Keeping healthy depends on things that I can do | 4.03 | 4.09 | -0.06** (-0.18,0.06) | 0.32 | 3.81 | 4.13 | -0.32** (-0.43,-0.20) | < 0.001 |
Item 3 There are certain things I can do for myself to reduce the risk of a heart attack | 4.37 | 3.38 | 0.99 (0.84,1.14) | < 0.001' | 4.37 | 3.55 | 0.82 (0.68,0.96) | < 0.001 |
Item 4 There are certain things I can do for myself to reduce the risk of getting cancer | 3.62 | 2.13 | 1.49 (1.32,1.67) | < 0.001 | 3.50 | 2.28 | 1.22 (1.05,1.39) | < 0.001 |
Item 5* I feel that what happens in my life is often determined by factors beyond my control | 2.21 | 1.81 | 0.40 (0.25,0.54) | < 0.001 | 1.94 | 1.60 | 0.34 (0.20,0.47) | < 0.001 |
Item 6 Over the next 5–10 years I expect to have many more positive than negative experiences | 3.91 | 3.02 | 0.89 (0.73,1.05) | < 0.001 | 3.96 | 3.11 | 0.85 (0.69,1.01) | < 0.001 |
Item 7* I often have the feeling that I am being treated unfairly | 3.95 | 2.88 | 1.07 (0.92,1.22) | < 0.001 | 3.76 | 2.66 | 1.09 (0.93,1.25) | < 0.001 |
Item 8* In the past ten years my life has been full of changes without my knowing what will happen next | 2.68 | 1.90 | 0.78 (0.61,0.95) | < 0.001 | 2.19 | 1.69 | 0.50 (0.34,0.67) | < 0.001 |
Item 9* I very often have the feeling that there's little meaning in the things I do in my daily life | 3.33 | 3.78 | -0.46** (-0.61,-0.31) | < 0.001 | 3.25 | 3.48 | -0.23** (-0.39,-0.07) | 0.005 |
Item 10* I sometimes feel as if I've done all there is to do in life | 3.86 | 3.59 | 0.28 (0.12,0.43) | < 0.001 | 3.87 | 3.43 | 0.44 (0.28,0.60) | < 0.001 |
Item 11* I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago | 4.18 | 3.68 | 0.50 (0.35,0.65) | < 0.001 | 4.02 | 3.41 | 0.61 (0.44,0.77) | < 0.001 |