Table 1 Characteristics of the 1091 DUs by gender
Characteristics | Females | Males | Total | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | p* |
Age | < 25 | 21 (12) | 84 (9) | 105 (10) | 0.194 |
|  | 25–35 | 85 (50) | 459 (50) | 544 (50) |  |
|  | 35–45 | 62 (36) | 332 (36) | 394 (36) |  |
| Â | >45 | 3 (2) | 45 (5) | 48 (4) | Â |
Therapy | Methadone | 154 (90) | 806 (88) | 960 (88) | 0.365 |
| Â | Buprenorphine | 17 (10) | 114 (12) | 131 (12) | Â |
Years of drug use | < 5 | 21 (12) | 51 (5) | 72 (7) | 0.016 |
|  | 5–10 | 27 (16) | 174 (19) | 201 (18) |  |
|  | 10–15 | 44 (26) | 260 (28) | 304 (28) |  |
|  | 15–20 | 36 (21) | 187 (20) | 223 (20) |  |
|  | 20–25 | 35 (20) | 170 (19) | 205 (19) |  |
|  | ≥25 | 8 (5) | 78 (9) | 86 (8) |  |
Drug assumption | Intravenous | 151 (88) | 819 (89) | 970 (89) | 0.784 |
| Â | Sniffing | 20 (12) | 101 (11) | 121 (11) | Â |
Education | Primary | 6 (3) | 74 (8) | 80 (7) | <.001** |
| Â | Middle | 106 (62) | 638 (69) | 744 (68) | Â |
| Â | Vocational | 22 (13) | 109 (12) | 131 (12) | Â |
| Â | Secondary or higher | 37 (21) | 99 (10) | 136 (12) | Â |
Employment status | Employed | 123 (72) | 743 (81) | 866 (79) | <.001** |
|  |    Continuously †| 100 (81) | 645 (87) | 745 (86) |  |
|  |    Discontinuously ‡ | 23 (19) | 98 (13) | 121 (14) |  |
| Â | Unemployed | 31 (18) | 141 (15) | 172 (16) | Â |
| Â | Other | 17 (10) | 36 (4) | 53 (5) | Â |
|  |    Housewives | 10 (59) | 2 (6) | 12 (23) |  |
|  |    Students | 4 (23) | 6 (17) | 10 (19) |  |
|  |    Invalids-Retired | 3 (18) | 28 (78) | 31 (58) |  |
Living status | Parents | 41 (24) | 504 (55) | 545 (50) | <.001** |
| Â | Partner | 103 (60) | 267 (29) | 370 (34) | Â |
| Â | Alone | 24 (14) | 133 (14) | 157 (14) | Â |
| Â | Friends | 3 (2) | 16 (2) | 19 (2) | Â |
Partner status | No steady partner | 40 (23) | 499 (54) | 539 (49) | <.001** |
| Â | A steady partner | 131 (77) | 421 (46) | 552 (51) | Â |
|  |    Unmarried | 99 (76) | 296 (70) | 395 (72) |  |
|  |    Married | 32 (24) | 125 (30) | 157 (28) |  |
Partner's drug use § | No | 30 (23) | 284 (67) | 314 (57) | <.001 |
| Â | Yes | 101 (77) | 136 (33) | 237 (43) | Â |
Total | Â | 171 (16) | 920 (84) | 1091 (100) | Â |