Open drug scenes: responses of five European cities

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Shared and non-shared interventions and strategies

	Amsterdam	Zurich	Frankfurt	Vienna	Lisbon
Shared political and social consensus	+	+	+	+	+
City coordinating system	+	+	+	+	+
System for shared information	+	+	+	+	+
Low threshold OPIOID MAINTENANCE TREATMENT	+	+	+	+	+
Needle dispensing	+	+	+	+	+
Health rooms/user rooms	+	+	+	-	-
Heroin assisted treatment (HAT)	+	+	(+)	-*	-
Housing projects	+	+	-	+	+
Shelters	+	+	+	+	+
Contact centre and café	+	+	+	+	-
Outreach social work services	+	+	+	+	+
Compulsory treatment	+	(+)	-	-	-
Reconstruction projects	+	-	-	+	+
Shared policing and social services patrolling	+	+	-	+	-
Zones of tolerance	-	-	-	+	-
Detention centre	-	+	-	-	-
Police dispersing tactics (compulsory)	+	+	+	+	+
Social behaviour orders	+	+	+	-	**
Treatment within criminal justice	+	+	-	-	-
Decriminalization of personal use	(−)	(−)	-	-	+
Expulsion/discouragement of non-residents	(+)	+	+	+	-

ISSN: 1471-2458