Consumption of sweet foods and mammographic breast density: a cross-sectional study

Duchaine, Caroline S; Dumas, Isabelle; Diorio, Caroline

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-554

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Associations ^a of consumption of sweets with mammographic density among all women and by menopausal status

From: Consumption of sweet foods and mammographic breast density: a cross-sectional study

Quartiles* of servings per week	All women			Premenopausal women			Postmenopausal women
		Percent density	Absolute density		Percent density	Absolute density		Percent density	Absolute density
	n**	% [95% CI]^a	cm²[95% CI]^a	n**	% [95% CI]^a	cm²[95% CI]^a	n**	% [95% CI]^a	cm²[95% CI]^a
Sugar-sweetened beverages ^b
0	334	26.3 [24.4-28.1]	31.6 [29.3-34.0]	140	41.8 [38.4-45.1]	42.8 [38.6-47.3]	194	16.6 [14.8-18.5]	22.7 [20.2-25.4]
0.01-0.43	391	28.5 [26.8-30.2]	34.1 [31.9-36.4]	210	42.5 [39.7-45.2]	45.5 [41.9-49.4]	181	18.8 [16.9-20.9]	24.2 [21.6-27.0]
0.44-1.69	433	26.8 [25.2-28.4]	31.5 [29.5-33.5]	220	40.4 [37.8-43.1]	43.9 [40.4-47.4]	213	17.0 [15.3-18.8]	21.1 [18.9-23.4]
>1.69	390	28.8 [27.0-30.7]	35.6 [33.3-38.1]	201	44.0 [41.2-47.0]	51.1 [47.0-55.4]	189	17.1 [15.2-19.1]	22.9 [20.3-25.6]
P _trend		0.172	0.040		0.240	0.007		0.731	0.958
Spearman r (P)		0.054 (0.038)	0.051 (0.049)		0.049 (0.185)	0.088 (0.016)		0.026 (0.492)	0.013 (0.735)
Sweet foods ^c
0-2.95	380	27.9 [26.1-29.8]	33.9 [31.6-36.4]	219	43.5 [40.7-46.4]	47.4 [43.6-51.4]	161	16.2 [14.2-18.3]	22.2 [19.5-25.1]
2.96-6.79	390	26.7 [25.1-28.5]	32.1 [29.9-34.3]	231	42.2 [39.6-44.7]	45.2 [41.7-48.7]	159	15.9 [14.0-17.9]	21.0 [18.4-23.8]
6.80-11.90	383	28.1 [26.4-29.9]	34.4 [32.2-36.7]	195	43.0 [40.2-45.9]	48.9 [44.9-53.0]	188	17.4 [15.6-19.3]	22.7 [20.3-25.3]
>11.90	389	27.9 [26.1-29.9]	32.7 [30.3-35.2]	129	38.8 [35.1-42.5]	41.2 [36.6-46.1]	260	18.8 [17.0-20.7]	23.7 [21.3-26.1]
P _trend		0.717	0.748		0.065	0.077		0.036	0.266
Spearman r (P)		0.008 (0.772)	-0.006 (0.829)		-0.052 (0.161)	-0.044 (0.233)		0.073 (0.048)	0.043 (0.242)
Spoonsful of sugar added ^d
0-0.56	428	27.0 [25.4-28.7]	32.5 [30.4-34.6]	234	42.1 [39.4-44.7]	44.2 [40.7-47.8]	194	17.2 [15.3-19.1]	23.0 [20.5-25.7]
0.57-3.01	392	26.7 [25.0-28.4]	32.3 [30.2-34.6]	211	41.5 [38.8-44.2]	46.2 [42.6-50.0]	181	16.4 [14.6-18.4]	21.3 [18.9-23.9]
3.02-9.31	327	28.6 [26.7-30.5]	34.2 [31.8-36.7]	148	41.8 [38.6-45.0]	46.3 [41.9-50.8]	179	18.2 [16.2-20.2]	23.3 [20.8-26.1]
>9.31	407	28.4 [26.7-30.2]	34.2 [32.0-36.5]	183	43.4 [40.4-46.3]	48.1 [44.1-52.3]	224	17.5 [15.8-19.4]	22.8 [20.5-25.3]
P _trend		0.164	0.211		0.415	0.208		0.594	0.807
Spearman r (P)		0.030 (0.241)	0.026 (0.311)		0.034 (0.362)	0.055 (0.138)		0.016 (0.661)	0.003 (0.929)
Total of all sweet items
0-7.14	380	26.2 [24.5-28.1]	31.7 [29.4-34.1]	219	41.3 [38.5-44.0]	43.5 [39.9-47.3]	161	16.0 [14.0-18.2]	21.8 [19.0-24.8]
7.15-14.0	383	29.1 [27.4-31.0]	34.9 [32.7-37.3]	213	45.5 [42.8-48.2]	49.3 [45.6-53.2]	170	17.9 [15.9-20.0]	23.1 [20.5-25.9]
14.01-26.25	384	27.7 [25.9-29.4]	33.4 [31.2-35.7]	188	40.2 [37.3-43.1]	46.1 [42.2-50.2]	196	17.8 [16.0-19.8]	22.8 [20.4-25.4]
>26.25	387	27.6 [25.8-29.5]	32.9 [30.6-35.4]	149	41.5 [38.0-45.0]	44.7 [40.2-49.6]	238	17.4 [15.6-19.3]	22.7 [20.3-25.2]
P _trend		0.740	0.909		0.503	0.830		0.536	0.794
Spearman r (P)		0.026 (0.311)	0.017 (0.513)		0.001 (0.984)	0.019 (0.609)		0.044 (0.238)	0.019 (0.604)

^aAll analyses (linear models and Spearman correlations) were adjusted for: Total caloric intake per day, age at mammography, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, menopausal status (for total women only), age at menarche, parity, number of full-term pregnancies, age at first full-term pregnancy, duration of use of hormonal contraceptive, duration of use of hormonal therapy, alcohol intake, physical activity, family history of breast cancer, number of breast biopsies, smoking status, education and breastfeeding. Percent and absolute density were square root-transformed for all analyses, except for percent density among premenopausal, to obtain an approximate normal distribution. Means are presented as back-transformed values for these analyses.
^bIncluding cola with sugar, cola with sugar but caffeine free, other carbonated beverage with sugar and sweet fruits juice.
^cIncluding ice cream, chocolate, candy with chocolate, candy, homemade cookie, commercial cookie, brownie, donut, homemade cake, commercial cake, homemade pie, commercial pie, other homemade pastries and other commercial pastries.
^dIncluding teaspoons of sugar added to beverages and foods and tablespoons of jam, honey and syrup.
*Quartiles are made using all women.
**Number do not add up because of missing data.
The statistically significant results are in bold.
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, r correlation, P _trend p-value for linear contrast test.

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