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Table 2 Adjusted ratios (95% CI) of outcome risk factor* variables by area of residence for men

From: A cross-sectional study of geographic differences in health risk factors among young Australian adults: The role of socioeconomic position

 

Metropolitana

Non-metropolitan

  

Model adjusted for age

Model adjusted for age and individual SEP factors

Model adjusted for age, individual SEP factors and area-level disadvantage

 

Mean (n or SD)

Mean (n or SD)

Ratio (95% CI)

Ratio (95% CI)

Ratio (95% CI)

Smoking status (n = 1144)

 Never

57.3% (484)

56.0% (168)

   

 Ex-smoker

17.6% (149)

20.0% (60)

1.12 (0.86, 1.47)

1.09 (0.83, 1.43)c

1.08 (0.82, 1.42)

 Current smoker

25.0% (211)

24.0% (72)

0.96 (0.76, 1.21)

0.84 (0.67, 1.05)c

0.86 (0.69, 1.08)

Alcohol consumption (n = 1135)

 None

8.6% (72)

8.7% (26)

   

 20gm/day or less

75.8% (633)

72.7% (218)

0.96 (0.89, 1.04)

0.96 (0.89, 1.04)d

0.97 (0.89, 1.05)

 More than 20gm/day

15.6% (130)

18.6% (56)

1.20 (0.90, 1.59)

1.20 (0.91, 1.58)d

1.25 (0.95, 1.65)

BMI (n = 1135)

 Not overweight

41.0% (345)

34.7% (102)

   

 Overweight

44.2% (372)

47.3% (139)

1.05 (0.91, 1.21)

1.02 (0.89, 1.18)e

1.03 (0.89, 1.19)

 Obese

14.8% (124)

18.0% (53)

1.21 (0.90, 1.62)

1.08 (0.81, 1.44)e

1.05 (0.79, 1.40)

Physical activity (mins/week) (n = 1044)

 Occupationalb

84.1 (227.1)

208.2 (395.3)

2.45 (1.70, 3.21)

1.83 (1.29, 2.37) d

1.74 (1.21, 2.28)

 Domesticb

92.9 (141.9)

132.8 (174.1)

1.40 (1.13, 1.67)

1.34 (1.08, 1.60) d

1.31 (1.05, 1.57)

 Active Commutingb

21.6 (64.5)

11.9 (41.4)

0.55 (0.29, 0.81)

0.63 (0.34, 0.92) d

0.61 (0.32, 0.90)

 Leisure timeb

91.1 (163.5)

65.7 (131.8)

0.73 (0.53, 0.93)

0.84 (0.62, 1.06)d

0.88 (0.64, 1.11)

Steps per day (n = 903)b

8519.8 (3374.3)

9378.9 (3490.0)

1.10 (1.04, 1.16)

1.07 (1.01, 1.13) d

1.07 (1.01, 1.13)

Dietary guideline met (n = 1096)

 Less than 2 guidelines

42.4% (341)

49.5% (144)

   

 2 or more guidelines (up to 5)

57.6% (464)

50.5% (147)

0.87 (0.76, 0.99)

0.88 (0.78, 0.99) f

0.88 (0.77, 0.99)

Depression (n = 929)

 Negative

94.6% (695)

93.8% (182)

   

 Positive

5.4% (40)

6.2% (12)

1.13 (0.61, 2.12)

1.11 (0.59, 2.07)c

1.13 (0.59, 2.14)

Anxiety (n = 929)

 Negative

93.5% (687)

92.8% (180)

   

 Positive

6.5% (48)

7.2% (14)

1.10 (0.62, 1.96)

1.22 (0.68, 2.18)e

1.16 (0.63, 2.10)

  1. CI: confidence interval; ref: referent; BMI: body mass index.
  2. All bolded values are statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
  3. *Sample sizes vary due to missing data for outcome variables (range 1,144 to 903).
  4. aMetropolitan is the reference category.
  5. bData is summarised as mean (SD) and as ratios of means (95% CI).
  6. cAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation, marital status.
  7. dAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation.
  8. eAdjusted for own highest level of education, occupation, marital status, employment status.
  9. fAdjusted for own highest level of education.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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