Table 2 Factors associated with ever, current and habitual use of khat among Bahir Dar University students, Ethiopia 2012

Sex

Female

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Male

2.6(2.0,3.4)

3.1(2.0, 4.8) ^***

3.5(2.4, 5.1)

3.3(1.8, 6.0) ^*

8.1(3.3, 20.0)

4.5(1.4, 14.4) ^*

Year of Study

Year 1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Year 2

1.4(1.1,1.8)

1.5(1.1, 2.2) ^***

1.3(0.9, 1.7)

0.9(0.6, 1.6)

1.5(0.8, 2.7)

0.8(0.3, 1.8)

Year 3

1.2(0.9, 1.5)

1.7(1.1, 2.5) ^*

1.1(0.8, 1.5)

1.3(0.8, 2.2)

1.4(0.8, 2.4)

1.2(0.5, 2.8)

Year 4 and above

2.0(1.6, 2.6)

1.3(0.8, 1.9)

2.4(1.7, 3.2)

1.1(0.7, 1.8)

4.5(2.7, 7.4)

2.0(1.0, 4.2)

Religion

Orthodox Christian

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Catholic

2.7(1.0-7.0)

0.9(0.2, 3.9)

3.6(1.3, 10.3)

0.9(0.2, 5.5)

3.3(0.7, 14.6)

0.26(0.01, 4.35)

Protestant

1.1(0.8, 1.5)

1.0(0.6, 1.6)

1.1(0.7, 1.7)

0.9(0.5, 1.6)

1.0(0.5, 2.0)

1.0(0.4, 2.6)

Muslim

4.3(3.3, 5.7)

1.7(1.1, 2.7) ^*

4.0(3.0, 5.5)

2.1(1.2, 3.5) ^**

3.4(2.2, 5.4)

1.5(0.7, 3.0)

No religion

6.1(2.0, 18.7)

0.8(0.1, 5.9)

13.9(4.5, 42.8)

2.3(0.3, 16.2)

7.4(2.0, 27.3)

1.0(0.2, 5.3)

Other

1.9(0.8, 4.7)

1.3(0.3, 5.1)

3.5(1.3, 9.0)

2.5(0.6, 10.7)

4.3(1.3, 15.1)

1.7(0.3, 11.3)

Childhood residence

Rural

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Small towns

2.7(2.2, 3.4)

1.8(1.3, 2.6) ^**

3.3(2.4, 4.4)

1.6(1.0, 2.6)

5.7(3.2, 10.3)

1.4(1.0, 5.5)

Big cities

3.3(2.6, 4.2)

2.5(1.7, 3.8) ^***

4.7(3.4, 6.4)

2.2(1.3, 3.7) ^**

7.7(4.3, 13.9)

1.2(0.5, 3.2)

Average monthly pocket money received from families and friends

Do not get money

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

< 100 Birr

0.4(0.3, 0.7)

0.9(0.5, 1.7)

0.4 (0.2, 0.8)

1.0(0.4, 2.5)

0.3(0.1, 0.8)

0.9(0.2, 3.7)

100-199 Birr

0.8(0.5, 1.1)

1.1(0.6, 2.0)

0.7(0.4, 1.2)

1.0(0.4, 2.0)

0.4(0.1,0.9)

0.3(0.1, 1.1)

200-299 Birr

1.1(0.8, 1.6)

1.4(0.8, 2.5)

1.2(0.7, 2.0)

1.3(0.6, 2.8)

1.0(0.4, 2.2)

0.9(0.3, 2.6)

300-399 Birr

1.5(1.0, 2.1)

1.5(0.8, 2.7)

2.1(1.2, 3.4)

2.1(1.0, 4.3)

1.3(0.6, 3.0)

0.9(0.3, 2.6)

400-499 Birr

1.4(0.9, 2.2)

1.0(0.5, 2.0)

2.5(1.5, 4.3)

2.2(1.0, 4.9)

3.3(1.5, 7.2)

2.9(1.0, 8.5)

500 and above

1.7(1.2, 2.4)

1.2(0.6, 2.2)

2.8(1.7, 4.6)

1.8(0.9, 3.8)

2.7(1.3, 5.7)

0.8(0.3, 2.3)

Off Campus Housing

No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Yes

5.0(3.4, 7.4)

2.1(1.1, 4.1) ^*

7.4(5.0, 11.0)

3.0(1.5, 6.0) ^**

12.4(7.9, 19.7)

Family History of Khat chewing

No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Yes

6.9(5.6, 8.5)

6.8(5.3, 8.6)

2.8(1.9, 4.2) ^***

6.6(4.6, 9.3)

2.4(1.3, 4.1) ^**

Close friends chew Khat

No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Yes

6.6(5.3, 8.3)

2.6(1.9, 3.7) ^***

13.4(9.3, 19.3)

4.2(2.6, 6.9)^***

18.6(9.0, 38.1)

3.6(1.4, 9.3) ^**

Dorm mates chew khat

No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Yes

3.6(2.9, 4.3)

1.4(1.1, 2.0) ^*

5.5(4.3, 7.2)

1.9(1.3, 2.9) ^**

7.8(5.0, 12.4)

1.8(0.9, 3.4)

Believe that Khat helps to study better

No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Yes

9.7(7.7, 12.3)

7.5(5.3, 10.4) ^***

12.6(9.7, 16.3)

6.6(4.6, 9.5) ^***

20.2(13.3, 30.6)

8.8(5.0,15.4) ^***