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Table 2 Association of lifetime and twelve-month heavy-drinking with mental illnesses

From: Lifetime and twelve-month prevalence of heavy-drinking in Singapore: Results from a representative cross-sectional study

 

Twelve-month heavy drinking

Lifetime heavy drinking

Mental illnesses1

Yes n (%)

No n (%)

Crude OR (95% CI)2

Adjusted OR (95% CI)3

Yes n (%)

No n (%)

Crude OR (95% CI)2

Adjusted OR (95% CI)3

Mood disorders

Major depressive disorder

46(6.2)

131(1.6)

3.93(2.44,6.32)

3.47(1.98,6.08)

116(11.6)

294(4.7)

2.7(1.97,3.7)

2.75(1.88,4)

Dysthmia

5(0.5)

18(0.2)

1.95(0.47,7.98)

2.45(0.32,18.5)

5(0.4)

17(0.3)

1.53(0.37,6.31)

1.92(0.24,15)

Bipolar disorder

13(0.7)

46(0.6)

1.25(0.49,3.15)

1.07(0.36,3.17)

26(2.5)

64(1.0)

2.64(1.38,5.05)

2.17(1.08,4.37)

Any mood disorder

59(6.9)

175(2.2)

3.32(2.16,5.11)

2.96(1.79,4.92)

142(14.2)

356(5.6)

2.79(2.09,3.73)

2.78(1.98,3.92)

Anxiety disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder

5(0.5)

27(0.4)

1.29(0.32,5.12)

1.69(0.28,10.1)

11(0.8)

59(0.9)

0.95(0.37,2.41)

0.9(0.29,2.84)

Obsessive compulsive disorder

15(1.7)

66(1.1)

1.59(0.73,3.44)

1.46(0.57,3.73)

47(4.5)

180(2.7)

1.69(1.08,2.66)

1.34(0.78,2.31)

Any anxiety disorder

19(2.1)

89(1.3)

1.59(0.79,3.19)

1.68(0.71,4.02)

56(5.0)

225(3.4)

1.53(1,2.32)

1.22(0.74,2.02)

Alcohol use disorders

Alcohol abuse

24(3.6)

3(0.0)

250(70.9,881)

139(36,540)

178(17.0)

30(0.5)

45.1(24.3,83.9)

50.6(24.5,104)

Alcohol dependence

18(2.1)

0(−)

  

34(2.6)

5(0.0)

101(37.3,273)

58.2(19.8,171)

Alcohol abuse or dependence (alcohol use disorder)

42(5.7)

3(0.0)

406(120,1372)

236(65.2,854)

212(19.6)

35(0.5)

50.7(28.2,91.2)

53.5(27.2,105)

Nicotine dependence

84(10.0)

262(3.6)

3.06(2.11,4.43)

2.70(1.76,4.13)

106(9.6)

237(3.4)

3.00(2.11,4.26)

2.44(1.63,3.65)

  1. OR = Odds Ratios 95% CI = 95% Confidence Intervals. Estimates in bold are statistically significant.
  2. 1DSM-IV criteria matching diagnoses in the last twelve-months, elicited using the World Mental Health–Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
  3. 2Simple logistic regression analyses.
  4. 3Multiple logistic regression analyses; adjusted for adjusted for age (4 age groups), gender, ethnicity (Chinese, Malays, Indians, Others), income level (3 categories), education level (4 categories), marital status (4 categories) and employment status (3 categories).