Table 2 Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of having poor self-rated health in 2008: according to two-level multiple regression analysis using explanatory variables derived from 2003–07, simultaneously adjusting for between (contextual) and within (Family-based design–‘compositional’) household social capital measures ( N = 6900)
From: Testing the association between social capital and health over time: a family-based design
Explanatory variables | Poor self-rated health in 2008 | |
|---|---|---|
ORs (95% CI) | ||
Generalized trust–between HHs | Mean value Traditional (contextual) ML design | 1.29 (1.21-1.37) |
Generalized trust–within HHs | Difference from the Mean Family-based design (compositional) | 1.11 (1.02-1.20) |
Social participation–between HHs | Mean value Traditional (contextual) ML design | 1.07 (0.97-1.18) |
Social participation–within HHs | Difference from the Mean Family-based design (compositional) | 0.97 (0.89-1.06) |
Age (years) | 16–34 | 1.0 |
35–44 | 1.39 (1.15-1.67) | |
45–54 | 1.80 (1.49-2.17) | |
55–64 | 1.41 (1.16-1.72) | |
65 + | 1.48 (1.16-1.88) | |
Gender | Male | 1.0 |
Female | 0.76 (0.68-0.86) | |
Household income–size weighted | Per £1000 increase | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) |
Employment status | Employed | 1.0 |
Full time student | 1.16 (0.97-1.40) | |
Retired | 1.84 (1.52-2.24) | |
Unemployed | 3.02 (2.51-3.64) | |
Education achieved | Undergraduate or higher | 1.0 |
Year 13 | 1.11 (0.93-1.32) | |
Year 11 | 1.00 (0.84-1.18) | |
No formal qualifications | 1.52 (1.26-1.83) | |
Smoking status | Never a smoker | 1.0 |
Intermittent smoker | 1.47 (1.22-1.76) | |
| Â | Always a smoker | 1.46 (1.26-1.69) |