Men (n = 1164) | Women (n = 2048) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Grip strength* (Newton) | Balance score (0–60 sec) | Chair stands (/minute) | Walking speed (m/s) | n | Grip strength† (Newton) | Balance score (0–60 sec) | Chair stands (/minute) | Walking speed (m/s) | |
Age groups | ||||||||||
60-66 | 566 | 397 (343–450) | 60 (29–60) | 30 (21–38) | 1.2 (1.2-1.5) | 728 | 225 (184–261) | 60 (23–60) | 27 (21–33) | 1.2 (1.2-1.5) |
72-78 | 338 | 331 (279–383) | 14 (5–47) | 21 (17–27) | 1.2 (0.8-1.2) | 579 | 179 (142–210) | 11 (4–34) | 20 (12–25) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) |
81-87 | 179 | 276 (227–329) | 3 (0–10) | 17 (0–23) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 411 | 153 (125–177) | 3 (0–7) | 9 (0–20) | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) |
90+ | 81 | 266 (224–308) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–9) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 330 | 145 (122–166) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–3) | 0.3 (0.0-0.5) |
Education | ||||||||||
Elementary school | 164 | 316 (266–364) | 19 (8–30) | 16 (9–22) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 389 | 172 (135–196) | 18 (6–25) | 13 (8–17) | 0.8 (0.5-1.0) |
High school | 487 | 318 (267–368) | 19 (8–30) | 16 (9–24) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 1098 | 173 (143–201) | 18 (6–25) | 13 (8–20) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) |
University | 513 | 318 (270–366) | 21 (11–30) | 18 (11–26) | 1.0 (0.7-1.2) | 561 | 185 (155–214) | 19 (9–25) | 16 (10–23) | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) |
Occupational class | ||||||||||
Manual workers | 204 | 317 (265–363) | 19 (7–30) | 15 (8–20) | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 564 | 176 (144–202) | 18 (6–25) | 11 (8–19) | 0.8 (0.5-1.0) |
Non-manual workers | 960 | 318 (269–367) | 19 (8–30) | 18 (10–25) | 0.9 (0.8-1.2) | 1484 | 176 (142–204) | 18 (7–25) | 15 (8–21) | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) |
Chronic diseases | ||||||||||
0-1 diseases | 630 | 330 (273–374) | 22 (10–34) | 18 (12–26) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 926 | 181 (153–208) | 19 (7–25) | 16 (9–23) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
2+ diseases | 531 | 313 (266–360) | 17 (8–24) | 15 (9–23) | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 1116 | 172 (137–201) | 17 (7–25) | 12 (8–19) | 0.8 (0.5-1.0) |
Physical exercise | ||||||||||
Inactive | 334 | 308 (261–350) | 16 (7–30) | 13 (6–19) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 710 | 171 (139–199) | 16 (6–23) | 8 (7–14) | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) |
Health-enhancing | 536 | 320 (271–378) | 22 (9–30) | 18 (13–24) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 974 | 179 (143–206) | 20 (6–26) | 18 (10–22) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) |
Fitness-enhancing | 294 | 331 (278–377) | 22 (12–30) | 22 (15–26) | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 364 | 182 (155–211) | 20 (11–26) | 21 (15–26) | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
<20 | 48 | 309 (268–346) | 20 (9–30) | 16 (9–19) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 146 | 177 (143–199) | 19 (15–24) | 14 (9–21) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) |
20-24.99 | 401 | 313 (267–359) | 20 (9–30) | 18 (9–26) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 816 | 177 (145–205) | 19 (8–26) | 16 (9–25) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
25-29.99 | 534 | 326 (276–374) | 20 (9–30) | 18 (11–26) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 652 | 174 (145–203) | 19 (7–26) | 14 (9–23) | 0.8 (0.7-1.1) |
≥30 | 154 | 321 (260–379) | 15 (3–30) | 15 (8–22) | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 234 | 170 (135–202) | 15 (4–26) | 14 (7–21) | 0.8 (0.5-1.0) |
Smoking | ||||||||||
Never | 406 | 319 (269–368) | 19 (9–30) | 17 (10–26) | 1.0 (0.7-1.2) | 1096 | 174 (141–202) | 18 (7–25) | 15 (9–21) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) |
Former | 577 | 317 (266–367) | 19 (9–30) | 17 (10–23) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 647 | 177 (145–204) | 18 (7–25) | 12 (8–21) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) |
Current | 174 | 317 (274–358) | 19 (7–30) | 17 (10–22) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 279 | 178 (150–206) | 18 (4–25) | 13 (8–21) | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
No or occasional | 277 | 304 (260–361) | 19 (9–30) | 16 (9–21) | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 888 | 174 (138–201) | 16 (7–25) | 12 (8–19) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) |
Light to moderate | 756 | 323 (276–369) | 20 (9–30) | 18 (10–26) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 760 | 175 (145–204) | 20 (7–25) | 17 (9–23) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
Heavy | 122 | 312 (279–360) | 19 (4–30) | 16 (9–22) | 0.9 (0.8-1.2) | 379 | 181 (154–209) | 20 (7–25) | 17 (9–23) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |