| Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | OR | (95% CI) |  p  | OR | (95% CI) |  p  |
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <45 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 45-54 | 1.05 | (0.65-1.66) | 0.892 | 0.79 | (0.55-1.15) | 0.213 |
 55-64 | 0.68 | (0.41-1.12) | 0.132 | 0.76 | (0.51-1.14) | 0.187 |
 ≥65 | 0.90 | (0.51-1.58) | 0.714 | 0.69 | (0.44-1.08) | 0.101 |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Married/cohabiting | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Other | 0.95 | (0.68-1.32) | 0.771 | 0.95 | (0.75-1.20) | 0.665 |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 High | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Intermediate | 0.63 | (0.35-1.13) | 0.118 | 1.46 | (1.01-2.09) | 0.042 |
 Low | 0.60 | (0.33-1.09) | 0.092 | 1.49 | (1.01-2.19) | 0.043 |
Occupational status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Non-manual work | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Manual work | 0.91 | (0.62-1.33) | 0.628 | 0.78 | (0.54-1.15) | 0.209 |
 Retired | 0.70 | (0.45-1.10) | 0.119 | 0.84 | (0.62-1.16) | 0.295 |
 Not employed | 0.75 | (0.42-1.35) | 0.343 | 0.90 | (0.64-1.27) | 0.543 |
Family history of diabetes1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Yes | 0.98 | (0.75-1.28) | 0.865 | 1.09 | (0.88-1.36) | 0.422 |
Elevated blood pressure2 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Yes | 0.95 | (0.62-1.46) | 0.821 | 0.84 | (0.64-1.10) | 0.208 |
Dyslipidaemia3 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Yes | 1.14 | (0.85-1.55) | 0.384 | 1.11 | (0.90-1.38) | 0.324 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <30 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 ≥30 | 1.31 | (0.94-1.83) | 0.117 | 1.21 | (0.95-1.55) | 0.117 |
Waist circumference4 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Normal | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Elevated | 1.34 | (0.80-2.25) | 0.273 | 1.37 | (0.73-2.56) | 0.322 |
 High risk | 1.83 | (1.07-3.13) | 0.028 | 2.72 | (1.50-4.93) | <0.001 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Yes5 | 1.05 | (0.75-1.47) | 0.783 | 0.77 | (0.58-1.04) | 0.084 |
Physically active6 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 No | 1.46 | (1.07-1.98) | 0.017 | 1.57 | (1.57-1.98) | <0.001 |
Self-rated fitness | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 High | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Satisfactory | 1.04 | (0.75-1.42) | 0.833 | 1.30 | (1.02-1.66) | 0.034 |
 Low | 1.42 | (0.90-2.22) | 0.128 | 1.65 | (1.18-2.33) | 0.004 |
Stage of change | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Maintenance | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Action | 2.17 | (1.25-3.78) | 0.006 | 2.29 | (1.54-2.41) | <0.001 |
 Preparation | 2.54 | (1.51-4.28) | <0.001 | 2.24 | (1.56-3.23) | <0.001 |
 Contemplation | 2.68 | (1.55-4.65) | <0.001 | 2.91 | (1.90-4.46) | <0.001 |
 Precontemplation | 0.95 | (0.53-1.69) | 0.856 | 1.42 | (0.87-2.31) | 0.163 |
PAL perceived as sufficient | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 No | 2.40 | (1.72-3.37) | <0.001 | 2.95 | (2.27-3.83) | <0.001 |