Table 1 Percentages or Means and Standard Deviations of the Variables

Baseline Cognition

Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-7; 0-15 correct)

12.9

2.1

Immediate Word Recall (0-10 correct)

4.0

1.8

Delayed Word Recall (0-10 correct)

2.6

2.0

Exposure and Censoring

Years Between Interviews

7.2

4.1

Entered Managed Care After Baseline

15.5

Survived to the End of the Study^a

35.1

Died ≤ 1 Year After the Last Interview^a

18.9

Demographic and Socioeconomic

Age

77.7

5.3

Men

36.9

African American^b

8.7

Hispanic American^b

3.2

Widowed^c

39.4

Divorced or Separated^c

5.0

Never Married^c

3.2

Grade School Only^d

21.6

Attended College^d

29.8

Lowest Income Quintile^e

13.1

Highest Income Quintile^e

26.5

Disease History and Comorbidity

Acute Myocardial Infarction

6.1

Angina

7.9

Arthritis

24.8

Cancer

12.2

Diabetes

10.9

Hip Fracture

3.9

Hypertension

44.2

Lung Conditions

7.6

Psychological Conditions

6.2

Stroke

7.2

Comorbidity (≥ 3 of the above diseases)

16.7

Health Lifetyles

Obese^f

14.2

Underweight^f

2.5

Engages in Vigorous Exercise (≥ 3 times per week)

33.0

Current Cigarette Smoker^g

9.4

Former Cigarette Smoker^g

42.6

≥1 Alcoholic Drink Daily

11.6

Functional Status

Activities of Daily Living Limitations (0-5)

0.25

0.69

Instrumental ADL Limitations (0-5)

0.21

0.63

Mobility Limitations (0-4)

1.13

1.42

Good Vision

77.4

Good Hearing

76.8

Depressive Symptoms

1.5

1.9

Continuity of Care

Every Day After Baseline^h

9.2

Never After Baseline^h

26.7

Post-Baseline Health Shocks

Quartile 1 of Annual Primary Care Visitsⁱ

25.0

Quartile 2 of Annual Primary Care Visitsⁱ

25.0

Quartile 3 of Annual Primary Care Visitsⁱ

25.0

Quartile 1 of Annual Hospital Episodes^j

27.9

Quartile 2 of Annual Hospital Episodes^j

24.7

Quartile 3 of Annual Hospital Episodes^j

22.5