Physicians are a key to encouraging cessation of smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Table 3 Multiple logistic regression analysis of factors associated with current smoking^a among participants (N = 301^b)

Variable	AOR	(95% CI)
Gender
Male	9.20	(3.80, 22.26)**
Female (Ref)	1.00
Age (years)
34+	0.72	(0.36, 1.43)
20-33 (Ref)	1.00
Marital status
Married	0.92	(0.43, 1.96)
Unmarried (Ref)	1.00
Any formal education
Yes	0.35	(0.14, 0.84)*
No (Ref)	1.00
Monthly income (NRs)^c
4001+	0.74	(0.39, 1.40)
0-4000 (Ref)	1.00
Any children
Yes	1.03	(0.49, 2.16)
No (Ref)	1.00
Months since first testing HIV+
54+	1.51	(0.79, 2.89)
1-53 (Ref)	1.00
Currently receiving ART
Yes	0.77	(0.36, 1.65)
No (Ref)	1.00
Bothersome HIV symptom count
4-20	2.06	(1.04, 4.10)*
0-3 (Ref)	1.00
Experience of TB diagnosis since testing HIV+
Yes	0.73	(0.40, 1.48)
No (Ref)	1.00
Internalized AIDS stigma score
5-7	0.84	(0.44, 1.62)
0-4 (Ref)	1.00
Beck Depression Inventory score^d
20+	0.49	(0.22, 1.11)
< 20 (Ref)	1.00
Lifetime injecting drug use
Yes	5.72	(2.74, 11.92)**
No (Ref)	1.00
Alcohol consumption, last 30 days
Yes	3.19	(1.10, 9.30)*
No (Ref)	1.00
Marijuana use, last 6 months
Yes	2.59	(0.73, 9.15)
No (Ref)	1.00
Presence of smoker among other household members
Yes	1.09	(0.58, 2.02)
No (Ref)	1.00

AOR, adjusted odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. ART, antiretroviral therapy.
^a The reference group was current non-smokers.
^b After accounting for the collective set of missing values associated with the variables included in the multivariable model, data from 301 participants were analyzed.
^c 4000 NRs = US $55 approximately, as of February 2010.
^d A score of 20 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory defined the presence of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, based on clinical validation of the scale in Nepal (sensitivity = 0.73, specificity = 0.91) [48].
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

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