| Odds ratio of paying informally to Medical Staff | The amount of informal payments paying to Medical Staff | Odds ratio if informal payments have been voluntary/requested by Medical Staff | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Outpatient service | Inpatient service | Outpatient service | Inpatient service | Outpatient Service | Inpatient service | ||||||
Household size | 0.996 | (0.030) | 1.112** | (0.050) | 0.024 | (0.022) | -0.071** | (0.035) | 0.870*** | (0.047) | 0.939 | (0.061) |
Age of the individual | 0.994** | (0.003) | 0.999 | (0.005) | 0.002 | (0.002) | 0.003 | (0.004) | 0.994 | (0.006) | 0.989 | (0.007) |
Gender | 1.166 | (0.131) | 1.136 | (0.190) | 0.043 | (0.087) | 0.019 | (0.144) | 0.598** | (0.128) | 0.771 | (0.203) |
Urban/Rural | 1.226* | (0.147) | 0.968 | (0.215) | 0.202** | (0.091) | 0.017 | (0.192) | 1.375 | (0.303) | 1.350 | (0.465) |
Log income/capita | 1.046 | (0.075) | 1.080 | (0.112) | 0.075 | (0.057) | 0.110 | (0.087) | 0.733** | (0.107) | 0.914 | (0.151) |
Health insurance | 0.782** | (0.094) | 0.542*** | (0.101) | -0.375*** | (0.091) | -0.071 | (0.164) | 0.998 | (0.224) | 0.962 | (0.293) |
Health rate (1 'v. poor' - 5 'v. good') | 0.993 | (0.069) | 0.827* | (0.089) | -0.033 | (0.058) | 0.292*** | (0.094) | 0.898 | (0.126) | 0.789 | (0.139) |
Chronic illness | 0.980 | (0.155) | 0.654* | (0.157) | -0.030 | (0.123) | 0.388* | (0.217) | 1.733* | (0.515) | 1.291 | (0.515) |
Education primary | 1.124 | (0.166) | 1.074 | (0.229) | -0.091 | (0.114) | -0.092 | (0.184) | 1.417 | (0.382) | 1.839* | (0.597) |
Education university | 0.292*** | (0.120) | 1.332 | (0.558) | 0.195 | (0.353) | 1.026*** | (0.357) | 2.783 | (2.502) | 1.167 | (0.748) |
Hospital in Tirana district | Â | Â | 0.943 | (0.228) | Â | Â | 0.253 | (0.214) | Â | Â | 0.706 | (0.263) |
Rural/Urban x Hospital in Tirana district | Â | Â | 1.044 | (0.370) | Â | Â | 0.231 | (0.313) | Â | Â | 2.785* | (1.714) |
Nr. of times visit outpatient health service/Days stayed in hospital | 1.064 | (0.061) | 0.998 | (0.004) | -0.037 | (0.044) | -0.033*** | (0.004) | 0.892 | (0.094) | 1.006 | (0.009) |
Log informal amount paid | Â | Â | Â | Â | - | - | - | - | 1.197 | (0.140) | 1.663*** | (0.177) |
Constant | Â | Â | Â | Â | 5.184*** | (0.715) | 4.627*** | (1.134) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Number of observations (N) | 1963 | 671 | 457 | 354 | 457 | 354 | ||||||
R-squared | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.2191 | 0.3088 | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Pseudo R2 | 0.0257 | 0.036 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |