Adaptive coping strategies in patients with chronic pain conditions and their interpretation of disease

Büssing, Arndt; Ostermann, Thomas; Neugebauer, Edmund AM; Heusser, Peter

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-507

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Adaptive coping styles in patients with chronic pain diseases

From: Adaptive coping strategies in patients with chronic pain conditions and their interpretation of disease

		TDH	TMH	SIAH	PoA	CWoL	RIC	Escape
		External locus of control			Internal locus of control			/
all	Mean	56.34	79.28	75.16	70.64	72.16	50.43	52.00
	SD	32.56	20.18	21.07	16.75	17.17	26.33	27.04
Gender
women	Mean	57.60	79.03	75.65	71.20	72.56	51.11	51.89
	SD	32.20	20.70	21.52	16.76	17.03	26.67	26.91
men	Mean	51.94	80.15	73.42	68.65	70.77	48.09	49.12
	SD	33.52	18.33	19.44	16.64	17.65	25.06	26.17
F-value		2.834	.291	1.067	2.240	1.046	1.199	1.614
p-value		0.093	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
age
<30 years	Mean	41.03	72.06	67.03	69.26	65.88	51.96	52.40
	SD	35.03	18.18	18.09	13.62	17.64	25.98	18.14
31-40 years	Mean	41.94	79.17	75.22	66.94	65.81	48.97	51.89
	SD	30.59	14.19	20.04	16.67	19.59	26.57	26.89
41-50 years	Mean	50.60	73.97	76.02	68.91	70.32	48.70	45.97
	SD	33.05	20.81	16.82	18.37	16.68	26.81	27.37
51-60 years	Mean	57.82	81.77	76.59	71.35	73.97	51.12	54.64
	SD	29.65	16.39	20.85	15.33	15.20	25.71	26.92
61-70 years	Mean	63.77	85.34	75.06	71.98	74.28	52.40	54.46
	SD	31.35	20.16	23.51	18.09	17.87	26.59	27.65
>70 years	Mean	73.22	79.05	74.97	74.03	76.73	49.35	53.36
	SD	29.66	26.93	26.01	15.41	15.98	27.03	27.93
F-value		10.356	5.208	1.196	1.764	4.844	0.319	1.755
p-value		<0.0001	<0.0001	n.s.	n.s.	0.002	n.s.	n.s.
Underlying disease
spine-associated pain syndromes	Mean	57.08	80.06	74.65	67.69	71.16	47.52	54.81
	SD	31.78	19.02	21.00	17.41	17.67	27.64	21.88
fibromyalgia	Mean	57.40	80.18	76.77	67.92	73.41	50.22	56.08
	SD	29.09	18.70	18.48	16.22	13.12	26.17	27.44
polyarthritis/-arthrosis	Mean	59.91	81.67	81.39	73.06	75.36	48.86	50.95
	SD	27.73	19.96	16.43	14.30	13.67	23.82	27.25
migraine/headache	Mean	50.42	77.85	73.07	68.40	69.40	44.83	57.54
	SD	32.38	20.45	24.62	15.10	21.63	30.98	30.15
chronic inflammatory bowel diseases	Mean	33.60	71.92	69.53	65.97	65.13	53.08	50.05
	SD	37.65	21.71	26.79	13.90	19.30	20.13	27.63
cancer (accompanied by pain)	Mean	57.74	73.21	77.08	71.03	72.86	50.60	51.09
	SD	30.72	27.68	18.78	13.08	17.51	26.90	26.39
amputations (accompanied by pain)	Mean	69.77	89.53	76.63	78.95	81.03	57.97	46.00
	SD	29.49	18.17	22.54	15.22	15.23	29.38	27.50
pain associated with psycho-physical exhaustion	Mean	51.35	71.39	69.47	69.58	72.12	55.93	45.74
	SD	32.39	17.06	23.14	16.45	18.23	21.47	27.95
other pain syndromes	Mean	56.63	78.60	74.40	71.60	71.34	50.73	52.78
	SD	33.50	20.54	21.73	17.45	17.16	26.11	26.77
F-value		2.649	2.490	1.082	2.398	2.354	0.816	0.894
p-value		0.007	0.012	n.s.	0.015	0.017	n.s.	n.s.
Pain treatment
Pain outpatient Clinic	Mean	61.82	86.96	78.37	71.21	73.25	54.36	60.31
	SD	31.73	13.94	18.71	17.70	16.49	26.54	25.50
Rehabilitation Clinic	Mean	60.76	82.77	71.45	70.19	75.64	50.78	55.97
	SD	29.27	18.83	22.12	17.39	15.35	25.66	27.49
Mind-Body/CAM Training Programs	Mean	51.94	73.84	74.71	70.50	70.50	48.49	46.31
	SD	33.35	21.96	21.97	15.87	17.61	26.13	26.35
F-value		6.048	25.536	3.568	0.143	4.283	2.474	15.674
p-value		0.003	<0.0001	0.029	n.s.	0.014	0.085	<0.0001

Scores > 50% represent a positive attitude (agreement), while scores < 50% represent a negative attitude (disagreement). Deviations > 15% from the mean were highlighted
Abbreviations: TDH - Trust in Divine Help; TMH - Trust in Medical Help; SIAH - Search for Information/Alternative Help; PoA - Positive Attitudes; CWoL - Conscious Way of Living; RIC - Reappraisal: Illness as Chance; Esc -Escape from Illness

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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