Variables | Functional limitation present | Functional limitation absent | Unadjusted prevalence ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n | (%) | n | (%) | PR | (95% CI) |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
60-64 | 15 | (5.4) | 265 | (94.6) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
65-69 | 21 | (12.4) | 149 | (87.7) | 4.1 | (3.1, 5.4) |
70-74 | 36 | (24.2) | 113 | (75.8) | 8.2 | (5.4, 12.6) |
≥ 75 | 65 | (46.8) | 74 | (53.2) | 16.7 | (9.5, 29.2) |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 41 | (14.5) | 241 | (85.5) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Female | 96 | (21.1) | 360 | (78.9) | 2.1 | (1.17, 4.1) |
Ethnic Group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Malays | 107 | (19.3) | 448 | (80.7) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Chinese | 22 | (20.4) | 86 | (79.6) | 0.6 | (0.4, 1.0) |
Indians and Others | 8 | (10.7) | 67 | (89.3) | 0.5 | (0.2, 1.1) |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Secondary and Tertiary education | 8 | (9.6) | 75 | (90.4) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Primary education | 78 | (16.6) | 391 | (83.4) | 2.8 | (1.7, 4.6) |
No formal education | 51 | (27.4) | 135 | (72.6) | 4.6 | (2.1, 9.9) |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Married | 80 | (17.0) | 391 | (83.0) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Widowed | 57 | (21.9) | 203 | (78.1) | 1.4 | (0.8, 2.4) |
Others (single and divorced) | 0 | (0) | 7 | (100.0) | 1.7 | (0.7, 3.8) |
Living Arrangements | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Living with others | 125 | (19.1) | 528 | (80.9) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Living alone | 12 | (14.1) | 73 | (85.9) | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.2) |
Social support | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Not at risk of isolation | 98 | (16.7) | 488 | (83.3) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
At risk of isolation | 39 | (25.7) | 113 | (74.3) | 1.5 | (1.1, 2.1) |
Presence of chronic disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | 11 | (4.5) | 234 | (95.5) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
One chronic disease | 92 | (22.9) | 309 | (77.1) | 5.9 | (3.9, 8.7) |
More than one chronic disease | 34 | (36.9) | 58 | (63.1) | 14.2 | (7.9, 25.4) |
Diabetes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 69 | (13.0) | 463 | (87.0) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Yes | 68 | (33.0) | 138 | (67.0) | 2.5 | (1.9, 3.4) |
Arthritis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 82 | (13.8) | 512 | (86.2) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Yes | 55 | (38.2) | 89 | (61.8) | 2.8 | (2.1, 3.7) |
Stroke | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 123 | (17.5) | 582 | (82.5) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Yes | 14 | (42.4) | 19 | (57.6) | 2.4 | (1.6, 3.7) |
Depressive Symptomology | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 81 | (14.0) | 496 | (86.0) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Yes | 56 | (34.8) | 105 | (65.2) | 2.5 | (1.8, 3.3) |
Presenting visual acuity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Normal | 89 | (15.4) | 490 | (84.6) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Mild to moderate visual impairment | 39 | (31.0) | 87 | (69.0) | 2.4 | (1.6, 3.7) |
Blind | 9 | (27.3) | 24 | (72.7) | 3.8 | (2.0, 7.1) |
BMI (weight/height2) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Normal | 51 | (19.6) | 209 | (80.4) | 1.0 | (Reference) |
Underweight | 65 | (20.4) | 254 | (79.6) | 0.7 | (0.5, 1.0) |
Overweight | 18 | (12.5) | 126 | (87.5) | 0.7 | (0.3, 1.1) |