Table 3 Key selected indicators of progress in global implementation of measures for HIV and tuberculosis epidemic control

diagnosis (proportion diagnosed among all with HIV or tuberculosis)

No global figure available in UNAIDS report [46]. Based on data from 12 low and middle-income countries, 20% of people with HIV infection know their status [46].

5.5 million cases diagnosed and treated in 2007 under programmes in line with global strategy to Stop TB/9.3 million estimated incident cases (59%) [13].

provision of first-line treatment (proportion receiving treatment among all those needing it)

ART 4 million/9.5 million at the end of 2007 [46] (42%)

treatment success rate

No global documentation of overall rate of successful treatment outcome ("highly heterogeneous monitoring systems and the use of non-standardised definitions across programmes create additional hurdles for accurately measuring the success of programmes") [46]

85% global treatment success rate in 2006 for patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis treated in line with the global strategy to Stop TB [13].

Average retention in ART treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa was 75% after one year and 62% after two years [47].

75% treatment success rate (patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis) in the WHO Africa region in 2006 [13].

drug-resistance surveillance

25 countries "were planning or implementing" WHO's global strategy for prevention and assessment of HIV drug resistance [48]. Seven countries have reported results [48].

Data from 90,726 patients in 83 countries and territories between 2002 and 2007 [49].

diagnosis of drug-resistant cases

No global figure available from UNAIDS report [46]. In nine countries reporting results from surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance from areas where ART was first used in the country, the prevalence of transmitted resistance was less than 5% [46].

30,000 cases of multidrug-resistance among people with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in 2007/353,000 estimated total worldwide (8.5%) [13].

provision of second-line treatment (proportion receiving treatment among all those needing it)

Results of a survey by national HIV programmes in 41 countries showed that 3% of people receiving ART were on second-line regimens [50]. The estimated number of people needing second-line ART is unknown.

3,681 cases of multidrug-resistance among people with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis known to be treated in 2007 according to international guidelines/353,000 estimated total worldwide cases (1%) [13].

treatment success rate (among people treated for drug-resistant HIV)

No global figure available from UNAIDS report [46].

Although "the size of most country cohorts in 2004 was too small to allow any useful analysis", treatment success rate ranged between about 50-70% for cohorts of patients treated according to international guidelines [13].