|  | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | Total | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | (n = 223) | (n = 485) | (n = 204) |  |  |
Sex | Male | 35.8 | 27.6 | 24.6 | 28.9 | < 0.05 |
 | Female | 64.2 | 72.4 | 75.4 | 71.1 |  |
Population group | Black | 94.7 | 94.7 | 91.1 | 94.0 | < 0.05 |
 | Coloured | 4.1 | 5.3 | 8.9 | 5.8 |  |
 | White | 1,2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |  |
Marital status | Married, living together | 21.9 | 19.0 | 14.1 | 18.6 | n.s. |
 | Unmarried, living together | 7.3 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 9.7 |  |
 | No cohabitation with partner | 70.8 | 70.7 | 75.4 | 71.7 |  |
Education | No formal education | 3.1 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 4.4 | < 0.05 |
 | Primary education | 23.3 | 33.8 | 33.3 | 31.3 |  |
 | Some secondary education | 52.3 | 45.4 | 46.8 | 47.2 |  |
 | Grade 12 | 15.5 | 14.0 | 15.2 | 14.6 |  |
 | Tertiary education | 5.7 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 2.5 |  |
Work for pay | No | 80.8 | 85.4 | 80.7 | 83.4 | n.s. |
 | Yes | 19.2 | 14.6 | 19.3 | 16.6 |  |
Labour market participation | No | 63.5 | 57.9 | 46.1 | 56.9 | < 0.005 |
 | Yes | 36.5 | 42.1 | 53.9 | 43.1 |  |
Social welfare grant | No | 47.7 | 43.2 | 46.2 | 44.8 | n.s. |
 | Yes | 52.3 | 56.8 | 53.8 | 55.2 |  |
Dwelling type | Formal | 77.7 | 74.2 | 82.5 | 76.7 | n.s. |
 | Informal/traditional | 22.3 | 25.8 | 17.5 | 23.3 |  |
Toilet type | Flush toilet | 60.1 | 68.7 | 87.1 | 70.4 | < 0.001 |
 | Pit latrine | 30.1 | 20.8 | 11.2 | 21.0 |  |
 | Bucket latrine | 8.8 | 9.1 | 1.8 | 7.5 |  |
 | Chemical toilet | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 |  |
 | None | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.4 |  |
Toilet site | Inside dwelling | 28 | 31.5 | 49.4 | 34.3 | < 0.001 |
 | On-site/in yard | 69.4 | 63.5 | 49.4 | 62.0 |  |
 | Off-site/outside yard | 2.6 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 3.7 |  |
Moved for ART | No | 98.4 | 99.0 | 99.4 | 98.9 | n.s. |
 | Yes | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 |  |
Previous ART | No | 88.6 | 94.0 | 97.0 | 93.4 | < 0.005 |
 | Yes | 11.4 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 6.6 |  |