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  1. Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health, and inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals is widely considered to be a key driver of antibiotic resistant infections. Antibiotic use i...

    Authors: Joseph Paul Hicks, Sophia M. Latham, Rumana Huque, Mahua Das, Jane Newell, S. M. Abdullah, Zunayed Al Azdi, Ishrat Jahan, Christian Rassi, Prudence Hamade, Muhammad Shafique, Mohammad Saiful Islam and Rebecca King

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:406

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the global leading causes of concern due to the rising prevalence and consequence of mortality and disability with a heavy economic burden. The objective of the curren...

    Authors: Maedeh Amini, Farid Zayeri and Masoud Salehi

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:401

    Content type: Research article

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  3. HIV testing among adolescents is significantly lower than among adults and many adolescents living with HIV do not know their status. Adolescent perceptions of HIV testing are poorly understood and may negativ...

    Authors: Leila Katirayi, Job Akuno, Bright Kulukulu and Rose Masaba

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:398

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Understanding the relationship between occupation and alcohol use offers opportunities to provide health promotion programmes based on evidence of need. We aimed to determine associations between occupation an...

    Authors: Andrew Thompson and Munir Pirmohamed

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:190

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Very little is known about the biologic predictors of the occupational burnout in firefighters. The aim of this study was to characterize testosterone profile of active firefighters and quantify its associatio...

    Authors: Denis Vinnikov, Zhanna Romanova, Gulnara Kapanova, Aizhan Raushanova, Sundetgali Kalmakhanov and Alexander Zhigalin

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:397

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Control of preventive chemotherapy-targeted neglected tropical diseases (PC-NTDs) relies on strengthened health systems. Efficient health information systems provide an impetus to achieving the sustainable dev...

    Authors: Arthur K. S. Ng’etich, Kuku Voyi and Clifford M. Mutero

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:396

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Sexual norms, real or perceived, shape young people’s sexual behaviour and may constitute one of the greatest challenges in HIV/STIs prevention among this population. This study used sexual script theory to ex...

    Authors: Sylvester R. Okeke

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:395

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Hepatitis B is a serious potentially fatal hepatocellular disease caused by the hepatitis B virus. In the fishing communities of Lake Victoria Uganda, the hepatitis B virus infection burden is largely unknown....

    Authors: Paul Kato Kitandwe, Enoch Muyanja, Teddy Nakaweesa, Annet Nanvubya, Ali Ssetaala, Juliet Mpendo, Brenda Okech, Bernard S. Bagaya, Noah Kiwanuka and Matt A. Price

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:394

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Face masks have been employed in the COVID-19 pandemic plans as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In Poland, obligatory wearing of masks in public spaces was introd...

    Authors: Maria Ganczak, Oskar Pasek, Łukasz Duda – Duma, Dawid Świstara and Marcin Korzeń

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:393

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Being gifted with a very high IQ (> 98 percentile) can provide an advantage in the occupational context but can also come with its` own specific challenges. Where some studies found higher than average levels ...

    Authors: Patricia A.J. van Casteren, Jan Meerman, Evelien P.M. Brouwers, Arno van Dam and Jac J.L. van der Klink

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:392

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Malnutrition in mothers as well as in children is a significant public health challenge in most of the developing countries. The triple burden of malnutrition is a relatively new issue on the horizon of health...

    Authors: Pradeep Kumar, Shekhar Chauhan, Ratna Patel, Shobhit Srivastava and Dhananjay W. Bansod

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:391

    Content type: Research article

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  12. More than 100 million people were forcibly displaced over the last decade, including millions of refugees displaced across international borders. Although refugee health and well-being has gained increasing at...

    Authors: Hannah Tappis, Marwa Ramadan, Josep Vargas, Vincent Kahi, Heiko Hering, Catrin Schulte-Hillen and Paul Spiegel

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:390

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Late antiretroviral treatment initiation for HIV disease worsens health outcomes and contributes to ongoing transmission. We investigated whether socioeconomic inequalities exist in access to treatment in a se...

    Authors: Amanda Rodrigues, Claudio J. Struchiner, Lara E. Coelho, Valdilea G. Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn and Paula M. Luz

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:389

    Content type: Research article

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  14. The long-term impact of sexual transmission on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China remains unclear. This study aims to estimate the independent influence of sexual transmission on HBV infection.

    Authors: Miaolei Li, Jian Zu, Mingwang Shen, Guihua Zhuang, Siyuan Chen, Fuzhen Wang, Hui Zheng and Guomin Zhang

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:388

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is one of the major endemic diseases in China, which severely impacts the physical health and life quality of people. A better understanding of the spatial distribution of the health ...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Xiaoya Wang, Hairong Li, Linsheng Yang, Yingchun Li and Chang Kong

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:387

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Early childhood educators (ECEs) play a critical role in promoting physical activity (PA) among preschoolers in childcare; thus, PA-related training for ECEs is essential. The Supporting PA in the Childcare En...

    Authors: Brianne A. Bruijns, Andrew M. Johnson, Jennifer D. Irwin, Shauna M. Burke, Molly Driediger, Leigh M. Vanderloo and Patricia Tucker

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:386

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Immigrants are disproportionally impacted by HIV infection in Europe and in Spain. Immigrants are also identified as a vulnerable population during economic crises. Various socioeconomic barriers hinder HIV-po...

    Authors: Megi Gogishvili, Karen R. Flórez, Sergio A. Costa and Terry T.-K. Huang

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:385

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Seventy percent of premature deaths in adults are due to behaviors initiated during adolescence. Therefore, it is essential to promote individual and social behaviors that educate adolescents in the ability to...

    Authors: Clarisse Magalhães, Maria Fátima Ribeiro, Maria Raquel Esteves, Luísa Aires, Sara Lima, Gustavo Silva, Assunção Nogueira, Teresa Herdeiro and Susana Pedras

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:384

    Content type: Research article

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  20. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Sophie H. Klasen, Ludovic G. P. M. van Amelsvoort, Inge Houkes, Nicole W. H. Jansen and IJmert Kant

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:382

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Public Health 2021 21:289

  21. Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is one of the most common antipyretic and analgesic over-the-counter (OTC) medicines administered to children due to its efficacy, safety, and availability in many pha...

    Authors: Aiman Daifallah, Ruba Jabr, Faraj Al-Tawil, Moutaz Elkourdi, Ziad Salman, Amer Koni, Ahmad Samara, Samah W. Al-Jabi and Sa’ed H. Zyoud

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:380

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  23. Advances in biomedical technologies permit transgender individuals not only to achieve gender transition but also to experience parenthood. Little is known about this topic in Greece, which, although a traditi...

    Authors: P. Voultsos, C.-E. Zymvragou, M.-V. Karakasi and P. Pavlidis

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:378

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. It is necessary to recognize the influence of socioeconomic factors on oral cancer indicators in Latin American countries. This study aimed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic indicators and economical i...

    Authors: Aldelany Ramalho Freire, Deborah Ellen Wanderley Gomes Freire, Elza Cristina Farias de Araújo, Fernanda Campos de Almeida Carrer, Gilberto Alfredo PuccaJúnior, Simone Alves de Sousa, Edson Hilan Gomes de Lucena and Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:377

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. The co-occurrence of mental and physical chronic conditions (mental-physical multimorbidity) is a growing and largely unaddressed challenge for health systems and wider economies in low-and middle-income count...

    Authors: Tianxin Pan, Stewart W. Mercer, Yang Zhao, Barbara McPake, Allissa Desloge, Rifat Atun, Emily Susannah Grace Hulse and John Tayu Lee

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:376

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. The influence of religion and belief systems is widely recognized as an important factor in understanding of health risk perception and myths in the general fight against the HIV pandemic. This study compares ...

    Authors: Munyaradzi Mapingure, Zindoga Mukandavire, Innocent Chingombe, Diego Cuadros, Farirai Mutenherwa, Owen Mugurungi and Godfrey Musuka

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:375

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the common intestinal infectious diseases worldwide and has caused huge economic and disease burdens in many countries. The average annual incidence rate of HFMD w...

    Authors: Li Ding, Ning Zhang, Bin Zhu, Jinlin Liu, Xue Wang, Feng Liu and Ying Mao

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:374

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Mumps is classified as a class C infection disease in China, and the Chongqing area has one of the highest incidence rates in the country. We aimed to establish a prediction model for mumps in Chongqing and an...

    Authors: Hongfang Qiu, Han Zhao, Haiyan Xiang, Rong Ou, Jing Yi, Ling Hu, Hua Zhu and Mengliang Ye

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:373

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Torture methods have traditionally been quantified using checklists. However, checklists fail to capture accurately both the almost infinite range of available methods of torture and the victims’ subjective ex...

    Authors: Pau Pérez-Sales, Raquel González-Rubio, Blanca Mellor-Marsá and Gonzalo Martínez-Alés

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:372

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. NSW has a multicultural population with increasing migration from South East Asia, the Western Pacific and Eastern Mediterranean.

    Authors: David Roder, George W. Zhao, Sheetal Challam, Alana Little, Elisabeth Elder, Gordana Kostadinovska, Lisa Woodland and David Currow

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:371

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Physical activity is a critical component of lifestyle interventions to reduce body weight and maintain weight loss. The goal of this study was to examine the motivations to exercise in young men following a 5...

    Authors: Alexander Wilhelm Gorny, Mui Cheng Low, Andrew Arjun Sayampanathan, Farah Shiraz and Falk Müller-Riemenschneider

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:370

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic, declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization, which could have negative consequences for pregnant and postpartum women. The scarce e...

    Authors: Emma Motrico, Rena Bina, Sara Domínguez-Salas, Vera Mateus, Yolanda Contreras-García, Mercedes Carrasco-Portiño, Erilda Ajaz, Gisele Apter, Andri Christoforou, Pelin Dikmen-Yildiz, Ethel Felice, Camellia Hancheva, Eleni Vousoura, Claire A Wilson, Rachel Buhagiar, Carmen Cadarso-Suárez…

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:368

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  34. The use of face masks remains contentious, with international variation in practice. Their prevalence in the UK, is likely to increase due to new legislation. Clear information regarding the appropriate use of...

    Authors: Mark Egan, Amish Acharya, Viknesh Sounderajah, Yihan Xu, Abigail Mottershaw, Rosie Phillips, Hutan Ashrafian and Ara Darzi

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:367

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Despite extensive efforts to scale up counseling and testing services and care and treatment clinics (CTCs) in Tanzania, linkage between points of diagnosis and CTCs remains low. Studies have looked at barrier...

    Authors: Shraddha Bajaria, Amon Exavery, Noreen Toroka and Ramadhani Abdul

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:365

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Visual impairment in children is a significant public health problem affecting millions of children globally. Many eye problems experienced by children can be easily diagnosed and treated. We conducted a quali...

    Authors: Stevens Bechange, Munazza Gillani, Emma Jolley, Robina Iqbal, Leena Ahmed, Muhammed Bilal, Itfaq Khaliq Khan, Sumrana Yasmin and Elena Schmidt

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:364

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. The popularity of sports-betting is growing globally and may be associated with alcohol consumption among young adults. In this study, we examine the relationship between alcohol consumption plus other substan...

    Authors: Stella Cheryl Nabifo, Jonathan Izudi and Francis Bajunirwe

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:363

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Against a backdrop of declining tobacco use, e-cigarette markets are growing. The UK now has a higher percentage of e-cigarette users than any other European country. These developments have prompted fierce di...

    Authors: Katherine E. Smith, Theresa Ikegwuonu, Heide Weishaar and Shona Hilton

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:362

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor for postnatal depression (PND) and programs are needed to enhance PA amongst women at risk of PND. Key stakeholder involvement in informing development and im...

    Authors: Megan Teychenne, Maria Apostolopoulos, Kylie Ball, Ellinor K. Olander, Rachelle S. Opie, Simon Rosenbaum and Rachel Laws

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:361

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide, which has led to greater public health focus on primary prevention. Ethnic minorities have lower awareness of cancer risk factors and services, and are at great...

    Authors: Louise Condon, Jolana Curejova, Donna Leeanne Morgan, Glenn Miles and Deborah Fenlon

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:360

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. The Enhanced Passive Safety Surveillance is a requirement of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for seasonal influenza vaccines, aiming to rapidly detect any significant change in frequency or severity of exp...

    Authors: Anne-Laure Chabanon, Sophie Wague, Annick Moureau, Markku Nissila and Laurence Serradell

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:358

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. The objective of this research was to assess physical and sexual violence experienced by sexual and gender minorities in nine African countries, and to examine factors associated with violence.

    Authors: Alex Müller, Kristen Daskilewicz, Mc Lean Kabwe, Anna Mmolai-Chalmers, Chelsea Morroni, Nelson Muparamoto, Adamson S. Muula, Vincent Odira and Martin Zimba

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:357

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. The prevalence of poor diet quality and type 2 diabetes are exceedingly high in many rural American Indian (AI) communities. Because of limited resources and infrastructure in some communities, implementation ...

    Authors: Caitlin N. Hawley, Corrine M. Huber, Lyle G. Best, Barbara V. Howard, Jason Umans, Shirley A. A. Beresford, Barbara McKnight, Arlette Hager, Marcia O’Leary, Anne N. Thorndike, India J. Ornelas, Meagan C. Brown and Amanda M. Fretts

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:356

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  45. There is growing recognition of the need for fish to be better integrated into nutrition-sensitive strategies for addressing malnutrition. Fish are overwhelmingly produced by the small-scale sector, which supp...

    Authors: Emily Gibson, Natasha Stacey, Terry C. H. Sunderland and Dedi S. Adhuri

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:355

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. There is limited information about the types of recreational drugs used by men who have sex with men (MSM) in China or the consequent impact on sexual health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition.

    Authors: Xiang Mao, Sequoia I. Leuba, Qinghai Hu, Hongjing Yan, Zhe Wang, Lin Lu, Minghua Zhuang, Xi Chen, Jihua Fu, Wenqing Geng, Yongjun Jiang, Hong Shang and Junjie Xu

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:354

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. On March 23, 2020, the government of the United Kingdom told the British people to stay home, an unprecedented request designed to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus and stop the National Health Service fr...

    Authors: Stephen Hills and Yolanda Eraso

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:352

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social, and individual factors, including the built environment. However, associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively i...

    Authors: Alex Antonio Florindo, Gavin Turrell, Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia, João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa, Michele Santos Cruz, Marcelo Antunes Failla, Breno Souza de Aguiar, Ligia Vizeu Barrozo and Moises Goldbaum

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:347

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Having children is a major life course event yet some disabilities could make it biologically challenging and some others could limit access to necessary socioeconomic resources. To date, there is relatively l...

    Authors: Fredinah Namatovu, Erling Häggström Lundevaller and Lotta Vikström

    Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:343

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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