Table 2 Prevalence of health-compromising behaviors and perceived negative health indicators^a by energy drink consumption among 13- and 15-year-olds

Inadequate tooth brushing

53.6

[46.7–60.4]

42.2

[35.9–48.8]

26.3

[22.4–30.7]

 < 0.001

47.9

[41.7–54.1]

35.1

[30.4–40.2]

30.3

[25.4–35.7]

 < 0.001

50.3

[45.6–55.0]

38.3

[34.4–42.3]

28.1

[25.0–31.4]

 < 0.001

Skipping breakfast

33.9

[28.7–39.6]

20.7

[15.4–27.3]

13.4

[10.7–16.6]

 < 0.001

41.1

[35.2–47.2]

21.4

[16.7–27.1]

18.1

[14.5–22.4]

 < 0.001

38.1

[33.9–42.4]

21.1

[17.4–25.4]

15.5

[13.2–18.0]

 < 0.001

Low physical activity

15.7^c

[11.3–21.3]

6.8^d

[3.9–11.6]

10.3^e

[7.7–13.6]

0.019

25.9^c

[21.8–30.5]

17.9^d

[13.6–23.1]

20.4^e

[16.8–24.5]

 < 0.001

21.6

[18.3–25.4]

13.0

[10.1–16.5]

14.7

[12.4–17.4]

 < 0.001

Short sleep

39.8

[33.5–46.5]

20.7

[16.4–25.8]

11.1^e

[8.4–14.4]

 < 0.001

38.4

[32.7–44.4]

26.2

[21.3–31.8]

18.4^e

[14.9–22.4]

 < 0.001

39.0

[34.6–43.5]

23.8

[20.4–27.6]

14.3

[12.0–16.9]

 < 0.001

Problematic social media use

23.4

[17.2–31.0]

12.4

[10.4–19.9]

6.5

[4.4–9.5]

 < 0.001

18.5

[14.5–23.2]

12.8

[9.5–17.2]

5.7

[3.7–8.6]

 < 0.001

20.5

[17.0–24.6]

12.6

[9.8–16.2]

6.1

[4.6–8.2]

 < 0.001

Current smoking

20.8^c

[15.8–27.0]

3.2^d

[1.6–6.3]

0.6^e

[0.2–1.7]

 < 0.001

36.2^c

[30.1–42.7]

12.3^d

[8.5–17.4]

3.7^e

[2.1–6.5]

 < 0.001

29.8

[25.2–34.9]

8.3

[5.8–11.6]

1.9

[1.1–3.3]

 < 0.001

Alcohol consumption

37.3^c

[30.4–44.8]

13.0^d

[8.7–19.0]

6.1^e

[4.2–8.7]

 < 0.001

56.4^c

[49.0–63.6]

40.3^d

[33.6–47.5]

20.6^e

[15.7–26.5]

 < 0.001

48.5

[43.0–54.1]

28.2

[23.0–34.1]

12.3

[9.7–15.6]

 < 0.001

Drunkenness

45.2

[38.3–52.2]

26.0

[21.8–30.8]

12.4

[9.2–16.5]

 < 0.001

Current snus use

29.8

[25.0–35.0]

10.5

[7.3–15.0]

3.0

[1.9–4.8]

 < 0.001

Cannabis use

25.0

[19.8–31.0]

10.4

[7.1–14.8]

2.9

[1.7–4.9]

 < 0.001

Low self-rated health

37.0^c

[31.2–43.2]

18.5

[14.1–23.8]

13.3

[10.6–16.7]

 < 0.001

25.3^c

[19.7–31.8]

19.2

[14.7–24.7]

16.8

[13.5–20.7]

0.037

30.2

[25.7–35.2]

18.9

[15.6–22.7]

14.8

[12.7–17.3]

 < 0.001

Multiple health complaints

50.4

[42.9–57.9]

33.0

[28.0–38.4]

28.2

[23.5–33.4]

 < 0.001

42.5

[37.5–47.7]

39.0

[33.8–44.5]

34.6

[30.0–39.4]

0.080

45.8

[41.3–50.4]

36.4

[32.6–40.4]

31.0

[27.6–34.6]

 < 0.001

Feelings of insufficient sleep

26.0

[20.0–33.1]

10.3

[6.9–14.9]

8.5^e

[6.1–11.6]

 < 0.001

25.5

[21.0–30.6]

13.9

[10.6–18.0]

13.0^e

[10.1–16.6]

 < 0.001

25.7

[22.1–29.7]

12.3

[9.8–15.3]

10.5

[8.5–12.8]

 < 0.001

n

(164–272)

(251–383)

(631–687)

(287–332)

(297–334)

(458–501)

(523–604)

(548–614)

(1089–1186)