Question | Indicator range | Negative value of the indicator |
---|---|---|
Health-related behaviors | ||
Brushing teeth: How often do you brush your teeth? | 1 = More than once a day 2 = Once a day 3 = At least once a week but not daily 4 = Less than once a week 5 = Never | Inadequate tooth brushing: < 2 times/day (i.e., all values except 1 = More than once a day) |
Eating breakfast: How often do you usually have breakfast (more than a glass of milk or fruit juice) on weekdays? | 1 = I never have breakfast during the week 2 = One day 3 = Two days 4 = Three days 5 = Four days 6 = Five days | Skipping breakfast: Eating breakfast 0–2 days/weekdays |
Physical activity: Over the past 7 days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 min per day? | 0 to 7 days | Low physical activity: 0–2 days |
Sleep length: Difference between bedtime and wake-up time on weekdays | Hours | Short sleep: ≤ 7 h / day |
Social media use: During the past year, have you… 9 items on the following criteria: preoccupation, tolerance, withdrawal, persistence, displacement, problem, deception, escape, conflict; for example: … regularly found that you can’t think of anything else but the moment that you will be able to use social media again? | 1 = No 2 = Yes (Items were coded as 1 = Yes and 0 = No, and a sum score was computed) | Problematic social media use: Sum score of ≥ 6 |
Smoking: How often do you smoke tobacco at present? | 1 = Every day 2 = At least once a week, but not every day 3 = Less than once a week 4 = I do not smoke | Current smoking: From every day to less than once a week (i.e., all values except 4 = I don’t smoke) |
Snus use: Do you currently use snuff/snus? (Question was only asked of 15-year-olds) | 1 = Every day 2 = Every week, but not daily 3 = Less than once a week 4 = I don’t use snuff/snus | Current snus use: From every day to less than once a week (i.e., all values except 4 = I don’t use snuff/snus) |
Alcohol consumption: On how many days (if any) have you drunk alcohol? … In the last 30 days? | 1 = Never 2 = 1–2 days 3 = 3–5 days 4 = 6–9 days 5 = 10–19 days 6 = 20–29 days 7 = 30 days (or more) | Alcohol consumption: All values except 1 = Never |
Drunkenness: Have you ever had so much alcohol that you were really drunk? (Question was only asked of 15-year-olds) … In your lifetime? | 1 = No, never 2 = Yes, once 3 = Yes, 2–3 times 4 = Yes, 4–10 times 5 = Yes, more than 10 times | Drunkenness: Twice or more |
Cannabis use: Have you ever taken cannabis (for example marihuana)? … In your lifetime? (Question was only asked of 15-year-olds) | 1 = Never 2 = 1–2 days 3 = 3–5 days 4 = 6–9 days 5 = 10–19 days 6 = 20–29 days 7 = 30 days (or more) | Cannabis use: All values except 1 = Never |
Perceived health indicators | ||
Self-rated health: Would you say your health is…? | 1 = Excellent 2 = Good 3 = Fair 4 = Poor | Low self-rated health: Fair or poor |
Health complaints: In the last 6 months: how often have you had the following…? headache, stomach-ache, backache, feeling low, irritability or bad temper, feeling nervous, difficulties in getting to sleep, feeling dizzy | 1 = About every day 2 = More than once a week 3 = About every week 4 = About every month 5 = Rarely or never (Items were coded as 1 = More than once a week or about every day and 0 = About every week or less, and a sum score was computed) | Multiple health complaints: Sum score of ≥ 2 (i.e., two or more symptoms more than once a week) |
Sleep sufficiency: How often do you feel that you have slept sufficiently? | 1 = Every or almost every morning 2 = 3–5 mornings a week 3 = 1–2 mornings a week 4 = Hardly ever | Feelings of insufficient sleep: Slept sufficiently hardly ever |