Table 2 Concordance/discordance of mother-collected swabs vs. technician-collected paired swabs (n = 62 pairs) from households in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Boston, Massachusetts, USAa
Pathogenb | Detected in either Mother or Technician collected swabs | Concordant pairs | Discordant pairs | Kappa coefficient (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother negative and Technician negative (−/−) | Mother positive and Technician positive (+/+) | Mother negative and Technician positive (−/+) | Mother positive and Technician negative (+/−) | |||
Any viruses | 21 | 40 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 0.76** (0.58–0.94) |
Rhinovirus/Enterovirus | 16 | 46 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 0.76** (0.57–0.96) |
Influenza A | 1 | 61 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0** (1.0–1.0) |
Influenza B | 1 | 61 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0** (1.0–1.0) |
Human Metapneumovirus | 2 | 60 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.0** (1.0–1.0) |
Adenovirus | 1 | 61 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0** (1.0–1.0) |
Human Coronavirus OC43 | 2 | 60 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.66** (0.04–1.0) |
Parainfluenza 3 | 2 | 60 | 0 | 1 | 1 | −0.02 (− 0.04–0.01) |
Any bacteria | 54 | 7 | 40 | 9 | 5 | 0.36 (0.08–0.62) |
Haemophilus influenzae | 25 | 37 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 0.50** (0.26–0.73) |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 27 | 34 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0.50** (0.27–0.72) |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | 2 | 60 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.0** (1.0–1.0) |
Group A Streptococcus | 10 | 52 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0.40* (0.04–0.76) |
Moraxella catarrhalis | 14 | 48 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 0.73** (0.52–0.95) |
Staphylococcus aureus | 39 | 22 | 25 | 9 | 5 | 0.52** (0.30–0.73) |