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Table 3 Association of Race/Ethnicity and Receipt of Physician Recommendation on Severity of Joint Pain among U.S. Adults Aged ≥ 18 years with Arthritis, National Health Interview Survey, 2002, 2006, 2009, and 2014

From: The effects of race/ethnicity and physician recommendation for physical activity on physical activity levels and arthritis symptoms among adults with arthritis

 

Severity of Joint Pain1

 

Unadjusted Beta Estimate (95% CI)

Adjusted Beta Estimate (95% CI)

  

N = 24,107

Race/ethnicity (ref: Non-Hispanic White)

 African American

1.06 (0.92, 1.21)

0.48 (0.24, 0.72)

 Latino

0.79 (0.61, 0.97)

0.44 (0.15, 0.72)

 Asian

−0.65 (−0.97, −0.32)

−0.68 (−1.22, −0.14)

Received Physician Recommendation to Exercise to Help Arthritis (ref: No)

 Yes

0.85 (0.75, 0.95)

0.65 (0.55, 0.75)

Interaction term for Race (ref: White) x Received Physician Recommendation

 African American x Received Physician Recommendation

 

−0.04 (−0.32, 0.25)

 Latino x Received Physician Recommendation

 

−0.22 (− 0.56, 0.13)

 Asian x Received Physician Recommendation

 

0.39 (−0.24, 1.02)

Health Characteristics

 Smoking Status (Ref: Never)

  Former

0.10 (−0.01, 0.20)

0.07 (−0.04, 0.17)

  Current

0.71 (0.57, 0.84)

0.29 (0.15, 0.42)

 BMI (Ref: < 25, underweight/normal)

  25–29.9, overweight

0.23 (0.11, 0.36)

0.19 (0.07, 0.31)

   ≥ 30, obese

0.98 (0.84, 1.11)

0.54 (0.41, 0.66)

 Self-reported health status (Ref: good, very good, excellent)

  Poor/fair

2.07 (1.96, 2.17)

1.14 (1.01, 1.27)

 Number of comorbidities (Ref: 0)

  1–2

0.69 (0.57, 0.80)

0.29 (0.18, 0.41)

   ≥ 3

1.74 (1.59, 1.88)

0.66 (0.51, 0.81)

 Psychological Distress (Ref: none to mild (0–4)

  Moderate (5–12)

1.52 (1.40, 1.64)

0.91 (0.78, 1.03)

  Severe (≥ 13)

2.80 (2.61, 2.99)

1.61 (1.41, 1.80)

  1. 1 Controlling for demographic factors (age, sex, education, marital status, income, employment, health insurance, having a usual source of care, and U.S. region) and health characteristics (smoking status, body mass index, self-rated health, number of comorbidities, and psychological distress)