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Table 3 Results of Cox proportional hazards models (hazard ratio) on the determinants of child mortality (12–59 months) in India, NFHS 2015–16

From: Preceding child survival status and its effect on infant and child mortality in India: An evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015–16

Bio-Demographic Factors

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

 Survival status of any preceding child’s

Hazard Ratio

Hazard Ratio

Hazard Ratio

Hazard Ratio

  Alive®

    

  Dead

2.79*(2.67,2.92)

2.27*(2.16,2.37)

2.33*(2.23,2.44)

1.95*(1.86,2.04)

 Sex of the child

  Male®

    

  Female

 

1.37*(1.33,1.43)

 

1.36*(1.31,1.41)

 Maternal age at childbirth

  < 18®

    

  18–34

 

0.80*(0.77,0.83)

 

0.83*(0.80,0.86)

  35+

 

0.65*(0.52,0.81)

 

0.68*(0.54,0.85)

 Child’s Birth order

  

    

  3

 

1.26*(1.20,1.32)

 

1.1*(1.05,1.15)

  4+

 

1.61*(1.54,1.68)

 

1.19*(1.14,1.24)

 Child’s Birth interval

  < 19 months

    

  19–23 months

 

0.78*(0.74,0.82)

 

0.75*(0.71,0.79)

  24–35 months

 

0.60*(0.58,0.63)

 

0.58*(0.56,0.61)

  36+ months

 

0.34*(0.32,0.36)

 

0.34*(0.32,0.36)

 Multiple births

  Single®

    

  Multiple

 

1.72*(1.50,1.96)

 

1.85*(1.62,2.12)

Maternal socioeconomic factors

 Education

  Illiterate®

    

  Primary

  

0.72*(0.68,0.76)

0.73*(0.69,0.77)

  Secondary

  

0.50*(0.47,0.53)

0.53*(0.50,0.56)

  Higher

  

0.27*(0.22,0.35)

0.33*(0.26,0.42)

 Religion

  Hindu®

    

  Muslim

  

0.93*(0.88,0.98)

0.88*(0.83,0.93)

  Others

  

1.19*(1.10,1.28)

1.15*(1.06,1.24)

 Caste

  Deprived®

    

  Not-Deprived

  

0.89*(0.86,0.93)

0.91*(0.87,0.95)

 Wealth Index

  Poorest®

    

  Poorer

  

0.79*(0.76,0.83)

0.79*(0.75,0.82)

  Middle

  

0.64*(0.6,0.68)

0.63*(0.60,0.67)

  Richer

  

0.54*(0.51,0.59)

0.54*(0.51,0.59)

  Richest

  

0.42*(0.38,0.47)

0.43*(0.39,0.48)

 Type of Residence

  Urban®

    

  Rural

  

0.96(0.91,1.02)

0.97(0.92,1.03)

 Regions

  North®

    

  Central

  

1.56*(1.48,1.66)

1.55*(1.46,1.65)

  East

  

1.05(0.98,1.12)

1.08*(1.01,1.15)

  North-East

  

1.08(0.99,1.17)

1.13*(1.04,1.23)

  West

  

0.81*(0.73,0.90)

0.80*(0.72,0.89)

  South

  

0.71*(0.65,0.79)

0.72*(0.65,0.80)

  1. ®/Ref: Reference group; *if p < 0.05.