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Table 2 Crude and adjusted averages comparison of growth and breastfeeding duration variables, between different processed feeding severity scores of IVAPSA sample included on analysis, Porto Alegre, 2011–2016

From: Infant processed food consumption and their interaction to breastfeeding and growth in children up to six months old

Variables

Gravity score of processed food (GSPF)

Null

(n = 28)

Mild

(n = 74)

Moderate

(n = 66)

Severe

(n = 68)

P

Growth variables (in z-scores)

     

 Crude averagesI (mean (SD))

  WHZ

−0.16a (1.15)

0.32ab (1.24)

0.63b (1.13)

0.18ab (1.46)

0.040

  BAZ

−0.24c (1.18)

0.22cd (1.25)

0.54d (1.13)

0.08cd (1.46)

0.041

  WAZ

−0.37 (0.83)

0.11 (1.05)

0.24 (1.12)

0.02 (1.34)

0.129

 Adjusted averagesIII (mean (SD))

  WHZ

−0.28e [− 0.84; 0.27]

0.21ef [− 0.12; 0.54]

0.78f [0.42; 1.13]

0.21ef [− 0.16; 0.58]

0.011

  BAZ

−0.29g [− 0.83; 0.25]

0.12gh [− 0.21; 0.46]

0.61h

[0.27; 0.96]

0.12gh [− 0.25; 0.49]

0.037

  WAZ

− 0.40i [− 0.85; 0.06]

0.03ij [− 0.31; 0.25]

0.36j

[0.07; 0.64]

0.16ij [− 0.18; 0.43]

0.049

Breastfeeding variables (in days)

     

 Crude averagesII (median [25; 75])

  EBF time

17.50kl [3.25; 149.75]

32.00k [5.00; 120.00]

6.00lm [1.00; 30.00]

2.00m [1.00; 19.25]

< 0.001

  Non EBF time

180.00n [180.00; 180.00]

180.00n

[180.00; 180.00]

180.00o [60.00; 180.00]

180.00o [60.00; 180.00]

< 0.001

 Adjusted averagesIV (mean (SD))

  EBF timeV

19.20pq [9.50; 39.10]

23.80p [15.60; 36.30]

7.23qr [4.68; 11.15]

3.27r [2.07; 5.16]

< 0.001

  Non EBF timeV

175.40s [120.70; 254.40]

162.60s [129.10; 205.00]

91.60t [72.60; 115.40]

86.70t [67.30; 111.60]

< 0.001

  1. Subtitle: I ANOVA one-way test, with Tukey Post Hoc test
  2. II Kruskal-Wallis test, with Dunn Post Hoc test
  3. III ANCOVA test, with Bonferroni Post Hoc test. Adjusted by total family income, maternal age, maternal pre-gestational BMI and baseline score of growth
  4. IV ANCOVA test, with Bonferroni Post Hoc test. Adjusted by total family income, maternal age and maternal pre-gestational BMI
  5. V Geometric means
  6. Different letters represent categories with statistically different means
  7. Breastfeeding duration variables were reported in days