Variables | Model l | Model 2 AOR(95%CI) | Model 3 AOR(95%CI) | Model 4 AOR(95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual -level characteristics(n = 9220) | ||||
Women’s autonomy | ||||
Women’s decision-making power at home | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 0.95 (0.72–1.17) | 0.97 (0.79–1.21) | ||
Socio demographic and economic characteristics | ||||
Women’s Age | ||||
15–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
25–34 | 0.867 (0.74–1.01) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | ||
35–49 | 0.71 (0.58–0.86)* | 0.73 (0.60–0.89)* | ||
Women’s age at first Marriage | ||||
< 16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
16–20 | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | ||
> 20 | 1.15 (0.98–136) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | ||
Religion | ||||
Orthodox | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Protestant | 1.44 (1.17–1.77)* | 1.37 (1.11–1.68)* | ||
Muslim | 1.92 (1.60–2.31)* | 1.62 (1.32–1.97)* | ||
Others | 1.12 (0.74–1.69) | 1.02 (0.67–1.53) | ||
Women’s education level | ||||
No Education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.89 (0.45–1.28) | ||
Secondary | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | ||
Higher | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 0.87 (0.65.1.16) | ||
Education level of husband or partner | ||||
No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary | 0.95 (0.83–1.06) | 0.95 (0.85–1.08) | ||
Secondary | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | ||
Higher | 0.99 (0.80–1.24) | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | ||
Women’s employment | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.88 (0.79–0.89)* | 0.88 (0.79–0.98)* | ||
Currently pregnant | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.21 (1.04–1.40)* | 1.21 (1.04–1.40)* | ||
Currently breastfeeding | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | ||
Currently amenorrheic | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 1.01 (0.88–1.14) | ||
Number of children ever born | ||||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1–2 | 0.46 (1.21–1.77)* | 1.45 (1.20–1.75)* | ||
3–4 | 1.65 (1.33–2.06)* | 1.63 (1.31–2.03)* | ||
5+ | 2.01 (1.57–2.53)* | 1.93 (1.53–2.46)* | ||
Current use of contraceptive | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.64 (0.53–0.78)* | 0.66 (0.55–0.81)* | ||
Women ever chewed Chat | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.98 (0.83–1.17) | ||
Wealth Index | ||||
Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Non-Poor | 0.82 (0.72–0.94)* | 0.91 (0.79–1.04) | ||
History of terminated pregnancy | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | ||
Women’s BMI | ||||
< 18.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
18.5–24.9 | 0.88 (0.79–0.99)* | 0.89 (0.80–1.08) | ||
≥ 25 | 0.70 (0.58–0.85)* | 0.71 (0.59–0.86)* | ||
Health care access | ||||
Covered by health insurance | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.08 (0.82–1.42) | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) | ||
Visiting health facility in the last 12 | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.95 (0.6–1.04) | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | ||
Community-level characteristics | ||||
Place of residence | ||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rural | 1.47 (0.98–2.19) | 1.10 (0.82–1.46) | ||
% of women with high decision-making autonomy | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Medium | 0.36 (0.25–0.51)* | 0.54 (0.40–0.73)* | ||
High | 0.26 (0.18–0.38)* | 0.50 (0.47–0.69)* | ||
% women with higher education | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Medium | 0.72 (0.53–0.97)* | 0.69 (0.54–1.09) | ||
High | 0.93 (0.65–1.32) | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) | ||
% of women with non-poor wealth index | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Medium | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) | 0.76 (0.56–1.03) | ||
High | 0.66 (0.41–0.85)* | 0.78 (0.52–0.97)* | ||
Measures of variation (random effect) | ||||
ICC | 0.46* | 0.29* | 0.39* | 0.27* |
PCV (%) | Ref. | 50.7 | 23.2 | 56.4 |
Model fit statistics | ||||
BIC | 14,845.3 | 13,538.1 | 14,722.2 | 13,484.7 |