Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Cohort within the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study by Climate Region

From: Association between temperature exposure and cognition: a cross-sectional analysis of 20,687 aging adults in the United States

Characteristic

Dry

Continental

Tropics

Mediterranean/oceanic

Overall

N (%), unless otherwise specified

Participants (N)

485

5026

13,494

1682

20,687

Age, mean (SD), yearsa

68.9 (9.5)

68.3 (9.3)

67.5 (9.1)

68.3 (9.8)

67.8 (9.2)

Sex, female

247 (50.9)

2711 (53.9)

7794 (57.8)

1024 (60.9)

11,776 (56.9)

Race, Black

43 (8.9)

2111 (42.0)

5062 (37.5)

759 (45.1)

7975 (38.6)

Education

 Less than high school

13 (2.7)

461 (9.2)

1478 (11.0)

58 (3.5)

2010 (9.7)

 High school graduate

92 (19.0)

1355 (27.0)

3490 (25.9)

231 (13.7)

5168 (25.0)

 Some College

140 (28.9)

1347 (26.8)

3569 (26.5)

515 (30.6)

5571 (26.9)

 College graduate and above

240 (49.5)

1863 (37.1)

4957 (36.7)

878 (52.2)

7938 (38.4)

Temperature on day of test in °C, mean (SD)b

15.2 (9.1)

10.6 (10.8)

17.5 (8.4)

15.5 (6.2)

15.6 (9.4)

Composite cognitive score, meanc

0.1 (0.9)

−0.05 (0.9)

−0.09 (1.0)

0.05 (0.9)

− 0.06 (1.0)

  1. Abbreviations: N number, SD standard deviation
  2. Climate regions were created based on the climate groups within Köppen climate region classification system. Individuals residing in Humid Subtropical climates were combined with those living in the Tropics to form one group and the Mediterranean and Oceanic climates were grouped to form the Mediterranean/oceanic climate region, to ensure adequate sample size
  3. a Age at the time of the first available Word List Learning (WLL) and Word List Delayed (WLD) recall test score over the course of the study from 2006 to 2016
  4. b Temperature was computed as the mean of minimum and maximum temperature reading on the day of the cognitive assessment for each weather station, and averaged across all the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather stations in the county of the participant
  5. c Score was generated by averaging the z-scores for the WLL and WLL-D in the entire cohort
  6. Participant characteristics (age, race, sex and education) were self-reported at the time of the baseline interview between 2003 and 2007