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Table 1 Description of COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 residents, risk index components, and socioeconomic status index according to quartiles of the risk index

From: A risk index for COVID-19 severity is associated with COVID-19 mortality in New York City

Variable

Quartile 1 (lowest risk score; 21.46–40.26)

mean (SD)

Quartile 2 (40.27–48.15)

mean (SD)

Quartile 3 (48.16–55.01)

mean (SD)

Quartile 4 (highest risk score; 55.02–73.84)

mean (SD)

p-value

COVID-19 death rate per 100,000

109.72 (68.83)

192.78 (72.51)

251.98 (97.16)

284.16 (112.68)

<  0.0001

Median age (years)

35.4 (3.31)

37.64 (3.81)

36.71 (4.26)

36.73 (6.23)

0.1326

Proportion white residents (%)

66.68 (15.40)

45.89 (21.26)

36.78 (23.53)

32.21 (26.81)

<  0.0001

Proportion Hispanic residents (%)

17.12 (12.400

29.13 (18.53)

25.67 (18.82)

34.52 (22.98)

0.0004

Obesity prevalence (%)

17.87 (5.01)

22.31 (4.24)

26.53 (4.69)

29.72 (5.98)

<  0.0001

Kidney disease prevalence (%)

2.17 (0.49)

2.84 (0.27)

3.20 (0.26)

3.67 (0.48)

<  0.0001

Hypertension prevalence (%)

20.36 (4.00)

26.43 (2.15)

30.37 (3.13)

33.60 (3.41)

<  0.0001

Heart Disease prevalence (%)

3.75 (1.01)

5.25 (0.42)

5.76 (0.59)

6.49 (0.81)

<  0.0001

Diabetes prevalence (%)

6.87 (2.27)

10.48 (1.58)

11.78 (1.40)

13.13 (2.17)

<  0.0001

COPD prevalence (%)

3.78 (1.11)

5.17 (0.62)

6.04 (0.72)

6.75 (0.90)

< 0.0001

Cancer (except skin) prevalence (%)

5.02 (1.14)

5.49 (1.03)

5.55 (0.94

5.79 (1.53)

0.1333

Asthma prevalence (%)

8.46 (0.74)

8.92 (0.95)

10.11 (1.34)

10.80 (1.26)

< 0.0001

Alcohol Hospitalizations prevalence (%)

1.71 (1.02)

1.36 (0.56)

1.51 (0.77)

2.26 (1.20)

0.0005

Birth rate (%)

1.25 (0.37)

1.16 (0.32)

1.26 (0.32)

1.30 (0.23)

0.0325

Hepatitis C prevalence (%)

0.05 (0.02)

0.05 (0.01)

0.05 (0.01)

0.08 (0.03)

< 0.0001

Hepatitis B prevalence (%)

0.06 (0.07)

0.09 (0.09)

0.08 (0.07)

0.07 (0.04)

< 0.0001

Proportion ≥ 65 years old (%)

12.3 (4.7)

14.88 (4.09)

14.51 (3.72)

15.73 (5.95)

0.0378

Socioeconomic status index

33.87 (21.38)

12.03 (17.72)

−1.20 (18.74)

−16.37 (22.08)

< 0.0001

  1. The racial and Hispanic composition of each ZCTA were obtained from the 2018 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Unless otherwise noted, all variables are reported per hundreds of residents. The socioeconomic status index was constructed from principal component analysis of 2018 American Community Survey estimates of median household income in the past 12 months, median gross rent, percent living below 150% of the poverty line, education, percent working class, percent unemployed, > 1 occupants per room. The education index was calculated on the population ≥ 25 years and is a weighted combination of the percent high school graduate, high school only, and more than high school, with a greater value indicating higher educational attainment
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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