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Table 3 Estimates from linear regression models of the probability of being hypertensive among women aged 25-49, India NFHS 2015-16

From: Hypertension in women: the role of adolescent childbearing

 

All ages

25 to 29

30 to 34

35 to 39

40 to 44

45 to 49

Adolescent childbirth

0.023***

0.008***

0.024***

0.023***

0.024***

0.032***

 

(0.020, 0.027)

(0.002, 0.013)

(0.017, 0.031)

(0.015, 0.031)

(0.015, 0.034)

(0.022, 0.043)

Nutritional statusa

      

Underweight (BMI <18.5)

-0.033***

-0.014***

-0.020***

-0.041***

-0.059***

-0.066***

 

(-0.036, -0.029)

(-0.019, -0.009)

(-0.027, -0.014)

(-0.049, -0.033)

(-0.068, -0.049)

(-0.077, -0.054)

Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9)

0.088***

0.046***

0.068***

0.088***

0.118***

0.127***

 

(0.084, 0.093)

(0.038, 0.054)

(0.059, 0.077)

(0.078, 0.098)

(0.106, 0.130)

(0.114, 0.139)

Obese (BMI ≥30.0)

0.178***

0.089***

0.142***

0.183***

0.214***

0.234***

 

(0.169, 0.187)

(0.072, 0.106)

(0.123, 0.160)

(0.164, 0.201)

(0.194, 0.234)

(0.214, 0.254)

Wealth index quintileb

      

Quintile 2 (Poorer)

-0.006***

-0.007*

-0.008*

-0.004

-0.004

-0.002

 

(-0.011, -0.002)

(-0.014, 0.000)

(-0.016, 0.001)

(-0.014, 0.007)

(-0.017, 0.008)

(-0.016, 0.012)

Quintile 3 (Middle)

-0.006**

-0.011***

-0.007

0.001

-0.002

0.004

 

(-0.011, -0.000)

(-0.019, -0.004)

(-0.017, 0.003)

(-0.011, 0.012)

(-0.015, 0.012)

(-0.011, 0.020)

Quintile 4 (Richer)

0.005*

-0.008*

0.005

0.013*

0.012

0.018*

 

(-0.001, 0.011)

(-0.017, 0.000)

(-0.006, 0.016)

(-0.001, 0.027)

(-0.004, 0.028)

(-0.000, 0.036)

Quintile 5 (Richest)

-0.005

-0.010*

-0.005

0.003

-0.01

-0.002

 

(-0.012, 0.003)

(-0.021, 0.000)

(-0.018, 0.009)

(-0.014, 0.019)

(-0.029, 0.009)

(-0.023, 0.019)

Educationc

      

Primary

0.006**

0.001

0.003

-0.007

0.006

0.012

 

(0.001, 0.011)

(-0.006, 0.009)

(-0.006, 0.013)

(-0.018, 0.004)

(-0.008, 0.019)

(-0.004, 0.027)

Secondary

-0.002

-0.007**

-0.005

-0.010**

0.001

0.018**

 

(-0.006, 0.003)

(-0.013, -0.001)

(-0.014, 0.003)

(-0.020, -0.000)

(-0.012, 0.014)

(0.003, 0.033)

Higher

-0.020***

-0.015***

-0.024***

-0.036***

-0.018

-0.012

 

(-0.028, -0.013)

(-0.025, -0.005)

(-0.038, -0.010)

(-0.054, -0.018)

(-0.041, 0.004)

(-0.043, 0.020)

Marital statusd

      

Married

0.012**

0.004

0.002

0.026

0.031

0.026

 

(0.002, 0.023)

(-0.008, 0.016)

(-0.024, 0.027)

(-0.011, 0.063)

(-0.019, 0.081)

(-0.034, 0.085)

Widowed, divorced, separated

0.011*

-0.008

0.013

0.024

0.029

0.025

 

(-0.001, 0.024)

(-0.025, 0.010)

(-0.016, 0.041)

(-0.016, 0.064)

(-0.022, 0.081)

(-0.035, 0.086)

Religione

      

Muslim

0.024***

0.012***

0.016***

0.032***

0.039***

0.033***

 

(0.018, 0.030)

(0.004, 0.019)

(0.006, 0.026)

(0.019, 0.045)

(0.023, 0.055)

(0.015, 0.051)

Christian

0.017***

0.005

0.025*

-0.001

0.028

0.031*

 

(0.004, 0.030)

(-0.014, 0.025)

(-0.004, 0.054)

(-0.025, 0.023)

(-0.009, 0.065)

(-0.004, 0.066)

Sikh

0.017**

0.020*

0.011

0.015

0.023

0.014

 

(0.003, 0.030)

(-0.001, 0.040)

(-0.015, 0.038)

(-0.013, 0.044)

(-0.014, 0.059)

(-0.023, 0.051)

Buddhist

0.002

-0.015

0.015

0.033

-0.004

-0.02

 

(-0.022, 0.025)

(-0.036, 0.007)

(-0.024, 0.054)

(-0.035, 0.102)

(-0.062, 0.054)

(-0.090, 0.051)

Other

0.023**

0.004

0.069**

-0.02

0.045

0.02

 

(0.000, 0.045)

(-0.019, 0.028)

(0.007, 0.130)

(-0.056, 0.016)

(-0.028, 0.118)

(-0.040, 0.079)

Castef

      

Scheduled caste

0.001

0.002

-0.008

0.005

0.005

0.008

 

(-0.004, 0.007)

(-0.005, 0.010)

(-0.018, 0.002)

(-0.007, 0.018)

(-0.010, 0.020)

(-0.008, 0.023)

Scheduled tribe

0.014***

0.006

0.007

0.01

0.016*

0.042***

 

(0.008, 0.021)

(-0.003, 0.016)

(-0.004, 0.019)

(-0.005, 0.024)

(-0.002, 0.034)

(0.023, 0.062)

Other backward class

-0.001

0

-0.002

-0.002

-0.002

0

 

(-0.006, 0.003)

(-0.006, 0.007)

(-0.010, 0.006)

(-0.012, 0.009)

(-0.015, 0.010)

(-0.013, 0.014)

Urban

-0.003

-0.004

-0.007*

-0.007

-0.002

0.004

 

(-0.008, 0.002)

(-0.010, 0.002)

(-0.015, 0.000)

(-0.016, 0.003)

(-0.014, 0.010)

(-0.009, 0.017)

Lifetime parityg

      

1-2

-0.030***

-0.015***

-0.019**

-0.055***

-0.045***

-0.071***

 

(-0.038, -0.023)

(-0.024, -0.006)

(-0.035, -0.003)

(-0.079, -0.032)

(-0.074, -0.017)

(-0.102, -0.040)

3-4

-0.036***

-0.014***

-0.029***

-0.058***

-0.064***

-0.078***

 

(-0.045, -0.028)

(-0.024, -0.004)

(-0.046, -0.012)

(-0.081, -0.034)

(-0.092, -0.035)

(-0.109, -0.047)

5+

-0.048***

-0.014*

-0.032***

-0.062***

-0.063***

-0.087***

 

(-0.057, -0.039)

(-0.031, 0.002)

(-0.052, -0.013)

(-0.087, -0.037)

(-0.093, -0.033)

(-0.119, -0.055)

Tobacco/alcohol use

0.002

0.014***

0.010*

0.003

-0.005

-0.001

 

(-0.003, 0.007)

(0.004, 0.025)

(-0.000, 0.021)

(-0.008, 0.015)

(-0.017, 0.008)

(-0.014, 0.012)

Menopause

0.043***

-

0.068***

0.047***

0.054***

0.037***

 

(0.034, 0.052)

 

(0.025, 0.112)

(0.021, 0.073)

(0.036, 0.072)

(0.025, 0.049)

Oral contraceptive use

0.016***

0.014**

0.020**

0.030***

0.030*

0.01

 

(0.007, 0.026)

(0.001, 0.026)

(0.004, 0.036)

(0.009, 0.051)

(-0.004, 0.064)

(-0.040, 0.061)

Currently pregnant

-0.037***

-0.030***

-0.047***

-0.077***

-0.043

-0.066

 

(-0.043, -0.031)

(-0.037, -0.023)

(-0.059, -0.034)

(-0.097, -0.056)

(-0.118, 0.031)

(-0.189, 0.057)

Observations

442,845

112,813

95,073

88,668

75,091

71,200

Age-group Fixed Effect

Yes

-

-

-

-

-

State Fixed Effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. ∗∗∗p<0.01,∗∗p<0.05,∗p<0.1. 95% confidence intervals are in parenthesis.
  2. Estimates represent the added probability of being hypertensive. Estimates were obtained using linear probability models (LPM) with complex survey weights.
  3. aRelative to normal (BMI 18.5 – 24.9).
  4. bRelative to Quintile 1 (Poorest).
  5. cRelative to no education.
  6. dRelative to never married.
  7. eRelative to Hindu.
  8. fRelative to not designated socially backward class.
  9. gRelative to no childbirth
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