Table 1 Characteristics of households included in the analysis, by dental healthcare service use one month prior to the survey and catastrophic health expenditure during 2018 in Iran
Variables | Households n (%) | Proportion of households (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Used dental care | Incurred CHE | ||
Demographic variables | |||
 Sex of household head | |||
  Male | 33,751 (86.9) | 5.0 (4.8–5.2) | 4.6 (4.3–4.8) |
  Female | 5107 (13.1) | 3.1 (2.6–3.6) | 7.2 (6.5–7.9) |
 Age of household head | |||
  15–45 | 16,981 (43.7) | 5.3 (5.0–5.7) | 3.3 (3.1–3.7) |
  46–65 | 14,730 (37.9) | 5.2 (4.8–5.5) | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) |
   ≥ 66-year-old | 7147 (18.4) | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | 9.4 (8.7–10.1) |
 Household had ≤5-year-old child | |||
  Yes | 9601 (24.7) | 4.9 (4.5–5.4) | 3.4 (3.1–3.8) |
  No | 29,257 (75.3) | 4.7 (4.4–4.9) | 5.4 (5.2–5.7) |
 Household had ≥66-year-old member | |||
  Yes | 8044 (20.7) | 2.8 (2.5–3.2) | 9.1 (8.4–9.7) |
  No | 30,814 (79.3) | 5.2 (5.0–5.5) | 3.8 (3.6–4.1) |
Socioeconomic variables | |||
 Educational status of household head | |||
  Illiterate | 9335 (24.0) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 8.3 (7.7–8.8) |
  Literate | 29,523 (76.0) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) | 3.8 (3.6–4.1) |
 Wealth index of households | |||
  Poorest | 7730 (19.9) | 1.9 (1.7–2.3) | 6.7 (6.2–7.3) |
  Poor | 7775 (20.0) | 3.3 (2.9–3.7) | 6.3 (5.8–6.9) |
  Middle | 7779 (20.0) | 4.1 (3.7–4.6) | 4.0 (3.6–4.5) |
  Rich | 7785 (20.0) | 6.1 (5.6–6.7) | 4.2 (3.7–4.6) |
  Richest | 7789 (20.1) | 8.1 (7.5–8.7) | 3.4 (2.9–3.8) |
 Insurance coverage | |||
  Yes | 34,369 (88.4) | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) | 5.0 (4.9–5.3) |
  No | 4489 (11.6) | 3.4 (2.9–3.9) | 4.0 (3.5–4.6) |
Ecological variables | |||
 Geographical location of household | |||
  Urban | 20,312 (52.3) | 5.7 (5.4–6.1) | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) |
  Rural | 18,546 (47.7) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 5.9 (5.6–6.3) |
 HDI*of province | |||
  Low | 14,050 (36.2) | 3.5 (3.2–9.7) | 4.4 (4.1–4.7) |
  Medium | 12,716 (32.7) | 5.7 (5.3–6.1) | 5.8 (5.5–6.2) |
  High | 12,092 (31.1) | 5.2 (4.8–5.6) | 4.6 (4.3–5.1) |