Table 1 Descriptive characteristics and bivariate analyses examining differences between past 30-day cigarette smoking (N = 202) vs. non-smoking (N = 474) and between gay vs. bisexual orientation in Chinese gay and bisexual men (N = 676)
Variables | Total | Smoking Status | p | Sexual orientation | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample M (SD) or N (%) N = 676 | Smoking M (SD) or N (%) N = 202 | Nonsmoking M (SD) or N (%) N = 474 | Gay M (SD) or N (%) N = 538 | Bisexual M (SD) or N (%) N = 138 | p | ||
Sexual Orientation (%) | |||||||
 Gay | 538 (79.6) | 147 (72.8) | 391 (82.5) | .004 | / | / | / |
 Bisexual | 138 (20.4) | 55 (27.2) | 83 (17.5) |  |  |  |  |
Sociodemographics | |||||||
 Age (SD) | 26.51 (8.41) | 27.33 (9.35) | 26.16 (7.95) | .102 | 25.66 (7.40) | 29.84 (10.95) | <.001 |
 Education (%) | |||||||
  High school or below | 160 (23.7%) | 72 (35.6) | 88 (18.6) | <.001 | 112 (20.8) | 48 (34.8) | <.001 |
  College or above | 516 (76.3%) | 130 (64.4) | 386 (81.4) |  | 426 (79.2) | 90 (65.2) |  |
Place of Origin (%) | |||||||
 Urban | 412 (61.0) | 118 (58.4) | 294 (62.0) | .379 | 336 (62.4) | 76 (55.1) | .113 |
 Rural | 264 (39.0) | 84 (41.6) | 180 (38.0) |  | 202 (37.6) | 62 (44.9) |  |
Employment (%) | |||||||
 Student | 213 (31.5) | 40 (19.8) | 173 (36.5) | <.001 | 184 (34.2) | 29 (21.0) | .009 |
 Employed | 396 (58.6) | 131 (64.9) | 265 (55.9) |  | 305 (56.7) | 91 (65.9) |  |
 Unemployed | 67 (9.9) | 31 (15.3) | 36 (7.6) |  | 49 (9.1) | 18 (13.0) |  |
Marital Status (%) | |||||||
 Unmarried/divorced | 602 (89.1) | 181 (89.6) | 421 (88.8) | .764 | 500 (92.9) | 102 (73.9) | <.001 |
 Married | 74 (10.9) | 21 (10.4) | 53 (11.2) |  | 38 (7.1) | 36 (26.1) |  |
Monthly Income in RMB (%) | |||||||
  ≤ 3000 (73 USD) | 352 (52.1) | 93 (46.1) | 259 (54.6) | .040 | 287 (53.4) | 65 (47.1) | .190 |
  > 3000 | 324 (47.9) | 109 (53.9) | 215 (45.4) |  | 251 (46.6) | 73 (52.9) |  |
Health Insurance (%) | |||||||
 Yes | 565 (83.6) | 161 (79.7) | 404 (85.2) | .076 | 450 (83.6) | 115 (83.3) | .930 |
 No/Unsure | 111 (16.4) | 41 (20.3) | 70 (14.8) |  | 88 (16.4) | 23 (16.7) |  |
Minority Stressors | |||||||
 Everyday Discrimination (SD) | 2.06 (1.11) | 2.10 (1.15) | 2.05 (1.10) | .583 | 2.02 (1.03) | 2.23 (1.39) | .056 |
 Outness (%) | |||||||
  Yes/ever coming out | 549 (81.2) | 156 (77.2) | 393 (82.9) | .083 | 468 (87.0) | 81 (58.7) | <.001 |
  Never | 127 (18.8) | 46 (22.8) | 81 (17.1) |  | 70 (13.0) | 57 (41.3) |  |
Rejection Anticipation (SD) | 2.44 (1.02) | 2.29 (0.95) | 2.49 (1.04) | .013 | 2.44 (0.99) | 2.38 (1.11) | .523 |
Identity Concealment (SD) | 2.80 (1.09) | 2.84 (1.07) | 2.78 (1.09) | .527 | 2.77 (1.06) | 2.91 (1.20) | .169 |
Internal Homophobia (SD) | 1.63 (0.68) | 1.77 (0.71) | 1.66 (0.67) | .058 | 1.57 (0.61) | 2.14 (0.77) | <.001 |
ACEs (SD) | 1.00 (1.38) | 1.12 (1.33) | 0.96 (1.39) | .183 | 1.03 (1.42) | 0.87 (1.20) | .253 |
Depressive symptoms (SD) | 17.47 (10.59) | 17.75 (10.74) | 17.34 (10.54) | .643 | 17.56 (10.54) | 17.09 (10.84) | .643 |
Social Support (SD) | 5.07 (1.02) | 4.99 (1.09) | 5.11 (0.99) | .190 | 5.09 (1.01) | 5.00 (1.09) | .361 |
Resilience (SD) | 26.71 (8.45) | 26.89 (8.45) | 26.64 (8.38) | .724 | 26.77 (8.18) | 26.49 (9.46) | .735 |