Table 1 Factors associated with triglyceride among the hill tribe aged 30 years and over in univariate and multivariate analyses
Factors | Total n (%) | Triglyceride | OR | 95%CI | p-value | AOR | 95%CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abnormal n (%) | Normal n (%) | ||||||||
Total | 2552 (100.0) | 1064 (41.7) | 1488 (58.3) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
Sex | |||||||||
Male | 870 (34.1) | 355 (33.4) | 515 (34.6) | 1.00 | |||||
Female | 1682 (65.9) | 709 (66.6) | 973 (65.4) | 1.06 | 0.90–1.25 | 0.513 | |||
Age (years) | |||||||||
30–39 | 368 (14.4) | 153 (14.4) | 215 (14.4) | 1.00 | |||||
40–49 | 619 (24.3) | 279 (26.2) | 340 (22.8) | 1.15 | 0.89–1.50 | 0.284 | |||
50–59 | 649 (25.4) | 260 (24.4) | 389 (26.1) | 0.94 | 0.72–1.22 | 0.637 | |||
60–69 | 578 (22.6) | 229 (21.5) | 349 (23.5) | 0.92 | 0.71–1.20 | 0.550 | |||
70–79 | 271 (10.6) | 116 (10.9) | 155 (10.4) | 1.05 | 0.77–1.45 | 0.756 | |||
≥ 80 | 67 (2.6) | 27 (2.5) | 40 (2.7) | 0.95 | 0.56–1.61 | 0.845 | |||
Tribe | |||||||||
Akha | 714 (28.0) | 289 (27.2) | 425 (28.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Lahu | 391 (15.3) | 199 (18.7) | 192 (12.9) | 1.52 | 1.19–1.95 | 0.001* | 1.62 | 1.25–2.01 | < 0.001** |
Hmong | 389 (15.2) | 195 (18.3) | 194 (13.0) | 1.48 | 1.15–1.90 | 0.002* | 1.63 | 1.23–2.16 | 0.001** |
Yao | 368 (14.4) | 130 (12.2) | 238 (16.0) | 0.83 | 0.62–1.04 | 0.100 | 0.89 | 0.67–1.20 | 0.455 |
Karen | 408 (16.0) | 131 (12.3) | 277 (18.6) | 0.70 | 0.54–0.90 | 0.005* | 0.81 | 0.60–1.08 | 0.154 |
Lisu | 282 (11.1) | 120 (11.3) | 162 (10.9) | 1.09 | 0.82–1.44 | 0.548 | 1.20 | 0.88–1.63 | 0.243 |
Religion | |||||||||
Buddhist | 1383 (54.2) | 554 (52.1) | 829 (55.7) | 1.00 | |||||
Christ and Muslim | 1169 (45.8) | 510 (47.9) | 659 (44.3) | 1.16 | 1.09–1.36 | 0.049* | |||
Education | |||||||||
No-education | 1957 (76.7) | 840 (78.9) | 1117 (75.1) | 1.00 | |||||
Primary school | 365 (14.3) | 140 (13.2) | 225 (15.1) | 0.83 | 0.66–1.04 | 0.105 | |||
Secondary school | 189 (7.4) | 75 (7.0) | 114 (7.7) | 0.88 | 0.65–1.12 | 0.390 | |||
High school and higher | 41 (1.6) | 9 (0.8) | 32 (2.2) | 0.37 | 0.18–0.79 | 0.010* | |||
Occupation | |||||||||
Unemployed | 628 (24.6) | 252 (23.7) | 376 (25.3) | 0.93 | 0.74–1.15 | 0.492 | |||
Agriculturist | 1243 (48.7) | 526 (49.4) | 717 (48.2) | 1.01 | 0.84–1.22 | 0.892 | |||
Other | 681 (26.7) | 286 (26.9) | 395 (26.5) | 1.00 | |||||
Annual income (baht) | |||||||||
≤ 50,000 | 1816 (71.2) | 769 (72.3) | 1047 (70.4) | 1.00 | |||||
50,001-100,000 | 527 (20.7) | 211 (19.8) | 316 (21.2) | 0.91 | 0.75–1.12 | 0.344 | |||
≥ 100,001 | 209 (8.2) | 84 (7.9) | 125 (8.4) | 0.92 | 0.68–1.23 | 0.550 | |||
Marital status | |||||||||
Single | 138 (5.4) | 63 (5.9) | 75 (5.0) | 1.00 | |||||
Married | 2039 (79.9) | 856 (80.5) | 1183 (79.5) | 0.86 | 0.61–1.22 | 0.398 | |||
Other | 375 (14.7) | 145 (13.6) | 230 (15.5) | 0.75 | 0.51–1.11 | 0.154 | |||
Stress (ST-5) | |||||||||
Low | 2076 (81.3) | 867 (81.5) | 1209 (81.3) | 1.00 | |||||
Moderate | 399 (15.6) | 165 (15.5) | 234 (15.7) | 0.98 | 0.79–1.22 | 0.879 | |||
High | 77 (3.0) | 32 (3.0) | 45 (3.0) | 0.99 | 0.63–1.57 | 0.971 | |||
Depression | |||||||||
No | 2245 (88.0) | 937 (88.1) | 1308 (87.9) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 307 (12.0) | 127 (11.9) | 180 (12.1) | 1.01 | 0.77–1.30 | 0.902 | |||
Exercise | |||||||||
No | 1551 (60.8) | 644 (60.5) | 907 (61.0) | 0.83 | 0.64–1.07 | 0.153 | |||
Sometimes | 719 (28.2) | 290 (27.3) | 429 (28.8) | 0.79 | 0.60–1.04 | 0.097 | |||
Regularly | 282 (11.1) | 130 (12.2) | 152 (10.2) | 1.00 | |||||
Smoking | |||||||||
No | 1932 (75.7) | 812 (76.3) | 1120 (75.3) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 620 (24.3) | 252 (23.7) | 368 (24.7) | 0.95 | 0.79–1.14 | 0.543 | |||
Alcohol drinking | |||||||||
No | 1955 (76.6) | 820 (71.1) | 1135 (76.3) | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 597 (23.4) | 244 (22.9) | 353 (23.7) | 0.96 | 0.79–1.15 | 0.642 | |||
Amount of salt use for cooking | |||||||||
High | 1193 (46.7) | 474 (44.5) | 719 (48.3) | 1.20 | |||||
Moderate | 1115 (43.7) | 478 (44.9) | 637 (42.8) | 0.78 | 0.59–1.03 | 0.074 | |||
Low | 244 (9.6) | 112 (10.5) | 132 (8.9) | 0.88 | 0.67–1.17 | 0.387 | |||
Amount of monosodium glutamate use for cooking | |||||||||
High | 1298 (50.9) | 521 (49.0) | 777 (52.2) | 0.83 | 0.63–1.09 | 0.176 | |||
Moderate | 1006 (39.4) | 432 (40.6) | 574 (38.6) | 0.93 | 0.70–1.23 | 0.605 | |||
Low | 248 (9.7) | 111 (10.4) | 137 (9.2) | 1.00 | |||||
Amount of cooking oil used for cooking | |||||||||
High | 862 (33.8) | 333 (31.3) | 529 (35.6) | 0.73 | 0.58–0.91 | 0.006* | 0.78 | 0.62–0.99 | 0.037** |
Moderate | 1214 (47.6) | 510 (47.9) | 704 (47.3) | 0.84 | 0.68–1.03 | 0.099 | 0.94 | 0.75–1.18 | 0.579 |
Low | 476 (18.7) | 221 (20.8) | 255 (17.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
BMI | |||||||||
Normal weight | 1256 (42.2) | 519 (48.8) | 737 (49.5) | 1.00 | |||||
Underweight | 198 (7.8) | 73 (6.9) | 125 (8.4) | 0.83 | 0.61–1.13 | 0.236 | |||
Overweight | 1098 (43.0) | 472 (44.4) | 626 (42.1) | 1.07 | 0.91–1.26 | 0.414 | |||
Waist circumference | |||||||||
Normal | 1290 (50.5) | 500 (47.0) | 790 (53.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Obesity | 1262 (49.5) | 564 (53.0) | 698 (46.9) | 1.28 | 1.09–1.50 | 0.002* | 1.30 | 1.09–1.54 | 0.003** |