Table 1 Significant differences between demographic-, psychological- and environmental variables among adolescents who self-harmed and not self-harmed (N = 14,093)
Variables | Frequencies n | Self-harm % | Chi-square χ2 | df | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||||
Self-harm | 14,093 | 15.3 | 84.7 | ||
Categorical variables | |||||
Gender | |||||
Female | 7026 | 22.5 | 77.5 | 569.7*** | 1 |
Male | 6970 | 8.0 | 92.0 | ||
Bullying behaviour | |||||
Neither bullied nor bullies | 11,528 | 10.9 | 89.1 | ||
Bullied | 1526 | 38.1 | 61.9 | ||
Bullies | 318 | 28.0 | 72.0 | ||
Bully-victims | 401 | 42.1 | 57.9 | 1054.0*** | 3 |
Friendship | |||||
Yes | 12,465 | 14.0 | 86.0 | ||
No | 1437 | 26.0 | 74.0 | 142.9*** | 1 |
Social support friends | |||||
Yes | 11,878 | 14.5 | 85.5 | ||
No | 1699 | 21.2 | 78.8 | 52.0*** | 1 |
Social support parents | |||||
Yes | 11,027 | 10.3 | 89.7 | ||
No | 2527 | 36.3 | 63.7 | 1086.6*** | 1 |
Education, Mother | |||||
High | 8990 | 25.0 | 75.0 | ||
Low | 3220 | 34.3 | 65,7 | 67.9*** | 1 |
Education, Father | |||||
High | 7896 | 32.4 | 67.6 | ||
Low | 3988 | 40.1 | 59.9 | 38.9*** | 1 |
Continuous variables | M (SD) | t-test | Range | ||
Depression | 21.7 (6.3) | 13.4 (4.8) | −56.9*** | 8–32 | |
Anxiety | 13.6 (5.2) | 7.9 (2.8) | −49.4*** | 6–24 | |
SBP | 5.1 (2.7) | 3.7 (1.4) | −23.0*** | 3–15 | |
Parental conflict | 6.5 (2.3) | 4.9 (1.7) | −30.3*** | 3–12 | |
Family’s financial situation | 2.4 (1.1) | 1.9 (0.9) | −20.0*** | 1–5 | |
School well-being | 13.5 (3.2) | 16.4 (2.4) | 38.7*** | 5–20 | |
Parental monitoring | 11.0 (2.8) | 12.6 (2.3) | 24.1*** | 4–16 | |