Factors associated with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among 3579 hypertensive adults in China: data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of Chinese adults with hypertension based on China Health and Nutrition Survey 2011

	All	Women	Men	P-value^**
Sample size (N)	3579	1775	1804
Age (year, mean ± SD)	60.0 ± 12.4	61.6 ± 11.7	58.5 ± 12.9	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	25.3 ± 5.4	25.4 ± 5.2	25.2 ± 5.6	0.13
Residence (%)
Urban	41.5	41.5	41.5	1.0
Rural	58.5	58.5	58.5
Geographic region^b (%)				0.33
Western China	20.1	21.1	19.1
Eastern China	49.4	48.6	50.3
Central China	30.5	30.3	30.6
Marital status^a (%)				< 0.001
Married	83.2	76.0	90.3
Single	16.8	24.0	9.7
Ethnicity				1.0
Han	92.0	92.0	90.0
Minority	8.0	8.0	8.0
Occupational status (%)				< 0.001
Employed	44.1	32.1	56.0
Unemployed	55.9	67.9	44.0
Health insurance (%)
Insured	95.8	95.9	95.7	0.82
Not insured	4.2	4.1	4.3
Education (%)				< 0.001
≤ Elementary school	48.2	60.8	35.7
Middle school	27.4	22.4	32.4
High school	17.1	13.0	21.1
≥ College	7.3	3.8	10.8
Smoking (%)				< 0.001
Non-smoker	65.9	94.3	38.0
Ex-smoker	6.4	0.8	11.8
Smoker	27.7	4.9	50.2
Alcohol consumption (%)				< 0.001
Drinking	34.5	8.7	59.9
Not drinking	65.5	91.3	40.1
Weight status (%)				0.01
Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24)	36.4	36.0	36.8
Underweight (BMI < 18.5)	2.2	2.3	2.0
Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28)	41.0	39.1	42.8
Obese (BMI ≥ 28)	20.5	22.6	18.4

Hypertension was defined as having an average systolic blood pressure BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, self-reported being previously diagnosed as hypertension by a physician or taking antihypertension drugs currently;
Non-smoker was defined as subjects who responded negatively to “have you ever smoked cigarettes?”; ex-smoker was defined as subjects who responded positively to questions “have you ever smoked cigarettes?” but negatively to “do you still smokes cigarettes?”; current smoker was defined as subjects who responded both positive answers to questions “have you ever smoked cigarettes?” and “do you still smokes cigarettes?”; drinking refers to subject who regularly drink alcohol since last year
^**p-value was calculated from t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables
^aSingle includes never married, divorced, widowed and separated;
^bWestern China includes Guangxi, Guizhou and Chongqing; Eastern China includes Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Liaoning and Shandong; Central China includes Henan, Hubei, Henan and Heilongjiang;

ISSN: 1471-2458