Table 1 Definition of political exposure variables

Welfare state

“if the analysis included welfare regimes or welfare state

indicators (e.g. universal health coverage), but not measures of political ideology (e.g. along

the left-right dimension)”

Political tradition

“if the study included variables referring to the left-right political dimension

(e.g. social democratic / egalitarian/ left vs. liberal / conservative / right political parties in

government)”

Democracy

“if the hypotheses tested involved democratic institutions or political rights”

Globalisation

“if the article examined how high, middle, and/or low income countries are integrated

through global networks of trade, foreign investment, and multinational corporations”