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Table 2 Research questions and the samples and variables analysed

From: Socioeconomic patterning of vaping by smoking status among UK adults and youth

 

RQ1: Is vaping associated with SEP among youth and does this vary by smoking status?

RQ2: Is vaping associated with SEP among adults and does this vary by smoking status?

RQ3: Are socioeconomic inequalities in ex-smoking smaller for ever-smoking adults who vape than those who do not?

Sample

Youth aged 10–15

Adults aged 16+

Adults aged 16+

Exposure

SEP

SEP

SEP

Outcome

Vaping (overall and by smoking status)

Vaping (overall and by smoking status)

Ex-Smoking (among ever-smokers who do and do not vape)

Primary Confounders

Country

Ethnicity

Family Structure

Interview Date

Gender

Age

Country

Ethnicity

Lives with Spouse/Partner

Children in Household

Interview Date

Gender

Age

Country

Ethnicity

Lives with Spouse/Partner

Children in Household

Interview Date

Intermediate Confounders

Gendera

Agea

Parental Smoking

Parental Vaping

Current smoker at 1, 2 & 5 years previous

Current smoker at 1, 2 & 5 years previous

  1. aThese variables were probably not caused by SEP as indicated in Fig. 1, but for youth these are also unlikely to be common causes of SEP and vaping, so were included here, rather than as primary confounders