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Table 1 Descriptives. n = 5123 students distributed across 46 upper secondary schools

From: School ethos and adolescent gambling: a multilevel study of upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden

Student level

n

%

  

Gambling

 Gambling during the past 12 months

707

13.8

  

Risk gambling

 Tried to reduce gambling

109

2.1

  

 Felt restless or irritated when not able to gamble

86

1.7

  

 Lied about gambling

69

1.4

  

 At least one indicator of risk gambling

169

3.3

  

Gender

 Boy

2380

46.5

  

 Girl

2743

53.5

  

Family structure

 Two parents in the same household

3280

64.0

  

 Other

1843

36.0

  

Parental university education

 No parent

1708

33.3

  

 At least one parent

3415

66.7

  

Parental unemployment

 No parent

4808

93.9

  

 At least one parent

315

6.1

  

Migration background

  ≥ 10 years in Sweden

4651

90.8

  

  < 10 years in Sweden

472

9.2

  

School level

Mean

s.d.

Min

Max

School ethos

46.1

4.5

34.8

54.3

 Weak (n = 1722)

41.3

2.7

34.8

44.3

 Intermediate (n = 1743)

46.0

1.1

44.4

48.0

 Strong (n = 1658)

51.2

1.6

48.1

54.3

 School ethos (std.)

0.0

1.0

−2.5

1.8

 % students with parents with post-secondary education

51.6

25.1

7.0

86.3

 % students with a foreign background

41.1

21.5

6.0

95.7