From: Relationship between sleep and obesity among U.S. and South Korean college students
Demographics and Health Behaviors | Whites (n = 98) | Blacks (n = 290) | Koreans (n = 222) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | ||
Years in undergraduate school | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 1 year | 6.1 | 43.1 | 21.8 |  |
 2 years | 6.1 | 27.8 | 30.0 |  |
 3 years | 33.7 | 17.0 | 26.4 |  |
 4 years | 40.8 | 9.0 | 19.6 |  |
 ≥ 5 years | 13.3 | 3.1 | 2.3 |  |
General health | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Excellent | 8.2 | 4.5 | 5.4 |  |
 Very good | 37.8 | 22.5 | 21.6 |  |
 Good | 43.9 | 47.1 | 30.2 |  |
 Fair | 9.2 | 21.1 | 35.6 |  |
 Poor | 1.0 | 4.8 | 7.2 |  |
Body mass indexa | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Underweight | 1.0 | 1.4 | 8.6 |  |
 Normal weight | 60.2 | 44.8 | 66.7 |  |
 Overweight | 25.5 | 25.5 | 12.6 |  |
 Obesity | 13.3 | 28.3 | 12.2 |  |
Sleep durationb | Â | Â | Â | .450 |
 Short sleep (< 7 h/night) | 53.1 | 59.3 | 51.8 |  |
 Normal sleep (7–9 h/night) | 38.8 | 34.8 | 41.9 |  |
 Long sleep (> 9 h/night) | 8.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 |  |
Having trouble sleeping | 25.5 | 19.3 | 6.8 | <.001 |
Having a sleep disorder | 1.0 | 5.5 | 3.6 | .136 |
Depression | 42.7 | 41.7 | 52.7 | .038 |
Current smoker | 2.0 | 1.7 | 4.6 | .140 |
Alcohol use in last 30 days |  |  |  | <.001 |
 0 days | 12.2 | 42.4 | 14.0 |  |
 1–9 days | 54.1 | 49.0 | 60.4 |  |
 ≥ 10 days | 33.7 | 8.6 | 25.7 |  |
Daily fruits and vegetables intake | Â | Â | Â | .002 |
 0 servings | 5.1 | 10.3 | 13.5 |  |
 1–2 servings | 58.2 | 66.9 | 68.9 |  |
 ≥ 3 servings | 36.7 | 22.8 | 17.6 |  |
Weekly moderate-intensity exercise for ≥10 min |  |  |  | .060 |
 0 days | 12.2 | 25.9 | 25.7 |  |
 1–2 days | 35.7 | 30.3 | 27.5 |  |
 ≥ 3 days | 52.0 | 43.8 | 46.9 |  |
Weekly vigorous-intensity exercise for ≥10 min |  |  |  | <.001 |
 0 days | 22.5 | 41.7 | 39.2 |  |
 1–2 days | 22.5 | 28.6 | 28.4 |  |
 ≥ 3 days | 55.1 | 29.7 | 32.4 |  |
 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p value |
Days of getting enough sleep to feel rested in the morning in past 7 days | 2.80 (2.17)b,c | 2.83 (2.09)b | 2.28 (1.63)c | <.05 |