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Table 2 Characteristics of women by race/nationality (n = 610)

From: Relationship between sleep and obesity among U.S. and South Korean college students

Demographics and Health Behaviors

Whites

(n = 98)

Blacks

(n = 290)

Koreans

(n = 222)

p value

%

%

%

Years in undergraduate school

   

<.001

 1 year

6.1

43.1

21.8

 

 2 years

6.1

27.8

30.0

 

 3 years

33.7

17.0

26.4

 

 4 years

40.8

9.0

19.6

 

 ≥ 5 years

13.3

3.1

2.3

 

General health

   

<.001

 Excellent

8.2

4.5

5.4

 

 Very good

37.8

22.5

21.6

 

 Good

43.9

47.1

30.2

 

 Fair

9.2

21.1

35.6

 

 Poor

1.0

4.8

7.2

 

Body mass indexa

   

<.001

 Underweight

1.0

1.4

8.6

 

 Normal weight

60.2

44.8

66.7

 

 Overweight

25.5

25.5

12.6

 

 Obesity

13.3

28.3

12.2

 

Sleep durationb

   

.450

 Short sleep (< 7 h/night)

53.1

59.3

51.8

 

 Normal sleep (7–9 h/night)

38.8

34.8

41.9

 

 Long sleep (> 9 h/night)

8.2

5.9

6.3

 

Having trouble sleeping

25.5

19.3

6.8

<.001

Having a sleep disorder

1.0

5.5

3.6

.136

Depression

42.7

41.7

52.7

.038

Current smoker

2.0

1.7

4.6

.140

Alcohol use in last 30 days

   

<.001

 0 days

12.2

42.4

14.0

 

 1–9 days

54.1

49.0

60.4

 

 ≥ 10 days

33.7

8.6

25.7

 

Daily fruits and vegetables intake

   

.002

 0 servings

5.1

10.3

13.5

 

 1–2 servings

58.2

66.9

68.9

 

 ≥ 3 servings

36.7

22.8

17.6

 

Weekly moderate-intensity exercise for ≥10 min

   

.060

 0 days

12.2

25.9

25.7

 

 1–2 days

35.7

30.3

27.5

 

 ≥ 3 days

52.0

43.8

46.9

 

Weekly vigorous-intensity exercise for ≥10 min

   

<.001

 0 days

22.5

41.7

39.2

 

 1–2 days

22.5

28.6

28.4

 

 ≥ 3 days

55.1

29.7

32.4

 
 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

p value

Days of getting enough sleep to feel rested in the morning in past 7 days

2.80 (2.17)b,c

2.83 (2.09)b

2.28 (1.63)c

<.05

  1. The percentages may not add up to 100% because of no responses or rounding errors
  2. Only one category for dichotomous variables is presented to eliminate redundancy in the table
  3. aUnderweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0), overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0), and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0) for whites and blacks. Underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 23.0), overweight (23.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0), and obese (BMI ≥ 25.0) for Koreans
  4. P values are based on a chi-square test for categorical variables and an ANOVA for continuous data. b-c Values with different superscripts were significantly different across racial/national groups in the Scheffe test after ANOVA