Table 3 Association between socio-demographic factors and full immunisation status (assessed at 12–23 months) in Rural, Urban formal and slum residence of Nigeria, Multilevel logistic regression analysis (DHS 2003, 2008 and 2013 data)
Variable /Category | Model 3 of places of residence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Rural (n = 7920) | Urban formal (n = 2087) | Slum (n = 1836) | |
Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I) | Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I) | Adjusted Odd ratio / (95% C.I) | |
CHILD | |||
Birth order | |||
> =6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1 | 1.30 (0.81,2.08) | 2.43 (1.01,5.87) | 5.39 (1.37,21.29) |
2–3 | 1.15 (0.78,1.68) | 1.50 (0.72,3.12) | 3.00 (1.00,9.13) |
4–5 | 0.94 (0.66,1.34) | 1.38 (0.69,2.75) | 2.05 (0.78,5.40) |
Place of delivery | |||
Home | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Health facility | 1.47 (1.12,1.94) | 2.62 (1.43,4.79) | 5.39 (2.18,13.33) |
Antenatal attendance | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 8.37 (5.34,13.12) | 6.82 (2.29,20.34) | 8.07 (2.15,30.25) |
Don’t know | 5.07 (3.06,8.41) | 2.89 (0.94,8.88) | 5.19 (1.21,22.37) |
HOUSEHOLD | |||
Maternal education level | |||
No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Primary | 1.67 (1.19,2.35) | 1.77 (0.83,3.79) | 2.48 (1.02,6.05) |
Secondary | 2.49 (1.68,3.69) | 4.57 (1.94,10.79) | 4.46 (1.68,11.82) |
Higher | 4.99 (2.48,10.06) | 9.18 (3.05,27.64) | 5.03 (1.52,16.65) |
Sex of Household head | |||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 1.09 (0.76,1.54) | 1.04 (0.60,1.94) | 1.55 (0.62,3.86) |
Religion | |||
Islam | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Christian | 2.63 (1.79,3.86) | 1.59 (0.89,2.86) | 5.69 (2.09,15.45) |
Traditionalist/ others | 0.20 (0.09,0.45) | 0.40 (0.10,1.18) | 0.28 (0.09,0.88) |
Mother employment status | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.16 (0.81,1.67) | 1.78 (0.80,3.98) | 0.41 (0.13,1.30) |
Maternal age at the child’s birth | |||
14–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
20–29 | 1.76 (1.17,2.66) | 5.25 (1.86,14.85) | 2.18 (0.70,6.84) |
30–39 | 2.19 (1.32,3.63) | 6.64 (2.03,21.75) | 2.63 (0.66,10.53) |
40–49 | 2.05 (1.02,4.13) | 9.87 (2.01,48.59) | 5.40 (0.80,36.48) |
Current marital status | |||
Never married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Married/partner | 0.80 (0.42,1.54) | 1.48 (0.42,5.22) | 0.19 (0.03,1.33) |
No longer together | 1.14 (0.47,2.78) | 2.93 (0.52,16.60) | 0.05 (0.03,0.82) |
Decision maker on spending of mothers income | |||
No income mother /missing | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mother alone | 1.05 (0.73,1.50) | 1.04 (0.48,2.26) | 4.52 (1.34,15.30) |
mother& spouse | 1.42 (0.94,2.15) | 0.65 (0.27,1.56) | 3.00 (0.82,10.97) |
spouse alone | 0.80 (0.48,1.36) | 0.43 (0.15,1.20) | 2.17 (0.51,9.15) |
Media exposure | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.91 (1.43,2.54) | 1.35 (0.65,2.79) | 2.49 (0.95,6.53) |
Household wealth | |||
Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate | 1.16 (0.91,1.48) | 0.80 (0.50,1.27) | 0.89 (0.51,1.57) |
Rich | 1.41 (0.87,2.29) | 0.70 (0.32,1.53) | 1.83 (0.22,15.58) |
COMMUNITY | |||
Region | |||
Northcentral | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Northeast | 0.61 (0.39,0.95) | 0.56 (0.20,1.55) | 0.21 (0.07,0.66) |
Northwest | 0.26 (0.16,0.44) | 0.85 (0.33,2.14) | 0.20 (0.06,0.67) |
Southeast | 1.15 (0.70,1.92) | 3.01 (1.19,7.57) | 0.37 (0.11,1.21) |
Southsouth | 1.73 (1.11,2.71) | 5.61 (1.88,16.71) | 0.41 (0.13,1.21) |
Southwest | 0.85 (0.51,1.43) | 1.12 (0.54,2.33) | 0.88 (0.34,2.31) |
Distance to nearest Health Facility | |||
Big problem | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No/Not a big problem | 1.76 (1.35,2.29) | 1.77 (0.99,3.17) | 2.21 (0.95,5.13) |
Household variance (S.E) | 0.104(0.164) | 0.003(0.141) | 0.131 (0.277) |
Household ICC | 0.245 | 0.090 | 0.098 |
Community variance (S.E) | 0.212(0.135)* | 0.343 (.123)* | 0.374 (0.139) |
Community ICC | 0.200 | 0.095 | 0.133 |
Goodness of fit- AIC | 5457 | 2185 | 1941 |