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Table 2 Association between socio-demographic factors and full immunisation status (assessed at 12–23 months) in Nigeria, multivariable logistic regression analysis (pooled DHS data)

From: The role of place of residency in childhood immunisation coverage in Nigeria: analysis of data from three DHS rounds 2003–2013

Variable

Model 0

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Adjusted Odds ratio 95% Confidence interval

P value

Adjusted Odds ratio 95% Confidence interval

P value

Adjusted Odds ratio 95% Confidence interval

P value

Adjusted Odds ratio 95% Confidence interval

P value

Place of Residence

 Rural

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Formal

6.37 (4.63,8.78)

0.001

2.35 (1.85,2.97)

0.001

1.80 (1.41,2.28)

0.001

1.69 (0.89,3.22)

0.108

 Slum

5.13 (3.81,6.91)

0.001

1.93 (1.54,2.42)

0.001

1.76 (1.38,2.25)

0.001

1.45 (0.44,4.78)

0.541

DHS

 2003

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 2008

2.01 (1.46,2.77)

0.001

2.99 (2.14,4.17)

0.001

2.77 (1.84,4.16)

0.001

3.27 (2.12,5.03)

0.001

 2013

3.08 (2.21,4.29)

0.001

4.12 (2.92,5.82)

0.001

3.84 (2.53,5.83)

0.001

4.51 (2.90,7.02)

0.001

CHILD LEVEL FACTORS

 Birth order

  > =6

  

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 1

  

1.60 (1.27,2.01)

0.001

1.82 (1.30,2.55)

0.001

1.69 (1.19,2.40)

0.004

 2–3

  

1.52 (1.23,1.87)

0.001

1.47(1.11,1.94)

0.007

1.39 (1.04,1.86)

0.028

 4–5

  

1.24 (1.00,1.54)

0.053

1.19 (0.92,1.54)

0.177

1.14 (0.87,1.48)

0.342

Place of delivery

 Home

  

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Health facility

  

3.75 (3.00,4.69)

0.001

2.07 (1.69,2.54)

0.001

1.13 (0.73,1.73)

0.591

Antenatal attendance

 No

  

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

  

11.37(8.09,15.99)

0.001

7.44 (5.31,10.42)

0.001

8.45 (5.21,13.69)

0.001

 Don’t know

  

7.66(5.32,11.03)

0.001

4.81 (3.30,7.00)

0.001

6.45 (2.82,14.72)

0.001

HOUSEHOLD LEVEL FACTORS

Maternal education level

 No education

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Primary

    

2.14 (1.66,2.76)

0.001

1.77 (1.29,2.44)

0.001

 Secondary

    

3.43 (2.57,4.58)

0.001

2.67 (1.64,4.36)

0.001

 Higher

    

5.08 (3.36,7.68)

0.001

3.92 (1.79,8.59)

0.001

Sex of Household head

 Male

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Female

    

1.16(0.91,1.48)

0.242

1.10(0.85,1.41)

0.502

 Religion

        

 Islam

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Christian

    

3.22 (2.50,4.17)

0.001

2.36 (1.81,3.08)

0.001

 Traditionalist/ others

    

0.84 (0.51,1.38)

0.489

0.84 (0.50,1.40)

0.499

Mother employment status

 No

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

    

1.22 (0.93,1.60)

0.154

1.15 (0.87,1.52)

0.327

Maternal age at the child’s birth

 14–19

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 20–29

    

2.22(1.62,3.04)

0.001

2.35 (1.61,3.45)

0.001

 30–39

    

2.85(1.95,4.16)

0.001

3.33(1.84,6.02)

0.001

 40–49

    

3.33(1.98,5.60)

0.001

4.41(1.86,10.44)

0.001

Current marital status

 Never married

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Married/partner

    

0.69(0.43,1.12)

0.136

0.77(0.47,1.27)

0.304

 No longer together

    

0.77(0.40,1.48)

0.438

0.93(0.47,1.83)

0.826

Decision maker on spending of mothers income

 No income mother /missing

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Mother alone

    

1.12 (0.86,1.47)

0.394

1.17 (0.88,1.55)

0.279

 mother& spouse

    

1.25 (0.92,1.70)

0.163

1.19 (0.86,1.63)

0.301

 spouse alone

    

0.77 (0.53,1.12)

0.174

0.76(0.51,1.12)

0.162

Media exposure

 No

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

    

1.89 (1.51,2.36)

0.001

1.91 (1.50,2.41)

0.001

Household wealth

 Poor

    

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Moderate

    

1.14 (0.96,1.35)

0.129

1.30 (0.91,1.85)

0.155

 Rich

    

1.31 (0.93,1.85)

0.126

1.69 (0.86,3.32)

0.126

COMMUNITY LEVEL FACTORS

 Region

 Northcentral

      

1.00

 

 Northeast

      

0.56 (0.40,0.78)

0.001

 Northwest

      

0.30 (0.21,0.44)

0.001

 Southeast

      

1.10 (0.78,1.55)

0.589

 Southsouth

      

1.54 (1.11,2.14)

0.010

Southwest

      

0.90 (0.65,1.24)

0.523

Distance to nearest Health Facility

Big problem No/Not a big problem

      

1.00

1.69 (1.37,2.09)

0.001

Interactions with place of residence Maternal Education

      

1.03(0.91,1.17)

0.643

Household wealth

      

0.90 (0.74,1.09)

0.289

ANC attendance

      

0.89 (0.69,1.13)

0.331

Place of delivery

      

1.38 (1.08,1.76)

0.010

Mothers birth age

      

0.92 (0.79,1.06)

0.238