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Table 1 Research questions and Evaluation Criteria

From: Predicting epidemics using search engine data: a comparative study on measles in the largest countries of Europe

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Research Question (RQ)

Evaluation Criteria (C)

1

The predicted cases show a strong correlation with the real cases

c1-Correlation: The correlation between measles cases and predicted cases must exceed 0.650 and must also be statistically significant. The significance level (p) was set to be < 0.01 in two-tailed significance

2

The prediction shows the right time of measles’ outbreaks

c2-Time: The prediction point of measles outbreaks must not exceed one month in relation to the real cases and must not be observed after the outbreak

3

The predicted value of outbreaks is close to the real cases

c3-Volume of predicted cases during outbreak periods: must not exceed 28% of the real cases during outbreaks

4

The prediction includes all periods with excessive activity of measles (outbreaks)

c4-Outbreak predicted periods: the distributions of each prediction must include all outbreak periods within the 5-year examined period

5

The error of the estimate (MSE%) is smaller than 28%

c5-Mean Standard Error (MSE): the MSE of all predicted cases must not exceed 28% of the real cases mean