Fig. 2

Estimates of infant mortality rate (IMR) by sex and data source^a, Tonga, 2010–2018. ^a Estimates by international agencies and previous published reports are presented with present study empirical estimates for comparison purposes only and are not included in trend analysis. ⁽¹⁾ Estimates from the present study based on reconciled routinely collected data for 2010–2012, 2013–2015, and 2016–2018 are shown with 95% confidence intervals (CI) at years 2010.75, 2013.75, and 2016.75 respectively. ⁽²⁾ Source: [9]. Range of estimates for 2005–2009 based on reconciled data is shown at year 2009. The lower and upper limits of the range represent estimates adjusted by two-source and three-source capture-recapture analysis. ⁽³⁾ Source: 2016 Annual Report based on Reproductive Health Services community nursing reports [36] ⁽⁴⁾ Source: 2011 Census [28] and 2016 Census [22]. ⁽⁵⁾ Source: 2012 Survey [38]. IMR by sex refers to the 10-year period preceding the survey in 2012, confidence intervals are not available. IMR (both sexes) refers to the 5-year period preceding 2012 with 95%CI*. Estimates shown offset at year “2009.75”. ⁽⁶⁾ Source: 2019 Survey [37]. IMR calculated for the 10-year period preceding the survey in 2019. 95%CI are not available for IMR by sex*. Estimates shown offset at year “2014.5”. ⁽⁷⁾ Source: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation [39]. IMR derived from under-five mortality using model life table (West). Sex-specific IMR estimates based on B-splines regression model. Annual estimates over 2010–2018 are shown offset at + 0.25 per year. 90% uncertainty intervals (UI) are not comparable to CI. ⁽⁸⁾ Source: [41]. Estimates modelled from spatiotemporal and Gaussian process regressions. *95%UI are available by sex only. 95%UI are not comparable to 95%UI and CI. ⁽⁹⁾ Source: 2019 Edition [43]. Estimate shown at year 2012.5 is an average over 2010–2015