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Table 4 Association of famine exposure in early life with overweight and general obesity among males, multinomial logistic regression analysis, North Wollo Zone, Raya Kobo district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2019 (n = 1384)

From: Impact of early life famine exposure on adulthood anthropometry among survivors of the 1983–1985 Ethiopian Great famine: a historical cohort study

Famine exposure status

Models

BMI category

Variables

Early life exposed ð

Prenatal exposed

Post-natal exposed

Adolescence exposed

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Crude model

Overweight

Exposed

1.09 (0.80,1.51)

0.97 (0.66, 1.41)

0.34 (0.04, 3.01)

2.78 (0.59,12.9)

Obesity

Exposed

0.82 (0.54,1.23)

1.10 (0.65,1.85)

0.89 (0.58, 5.36)

0.36 (0.07, 1.65)

Adjusted model

Overweight

Exposed

1.05 (0.70,1.57)

0.44 (0.53, 1.23)

0.41 (0.05, 3.73)

2.75 (0.58,12.8)

Female

0.98 (0.73,1.34)

1.07 (0.70, 1.63)

1.29 (0.05,1.09)

0.72 (0.46,1.2)

Age

0.97 (0.95,1.01)

0.78 (0.61,1.02)

0.84 (0.59,1.17)

1.04 (0.95,1.13)

Urban

1.09 (0.80,1.50)

1.24 (0.81,1.92)

1.05 (0.67, 1.64)

1.26 (0.81, 1.97)

Illiterate

2.03 (1.24,3.29)a

2.32 (1.26,4.25) a

2.42 (1.24, 4.67) a

1.41 (0.72,2.76)

Primary school

1.39 (0.84,2.34)

0.87 (0.44, 1.74)

1.80 (0.90, 3.59)

1.05 (0.52,2.15)

Secondary school

1.26 (0.75,2.12)

1.23 (0.67,2.26)

1.55 (0.80, 3.00)

1.20 (0.62,2.34)

Unhealthy dietary pattern

1.05 (0.78,1.38)

0.97 (0.66, 1.44)

0.94 (0.63, 1.40)

1.03 (0.68,1.55)

Low physical activity level

1.06 (0.68,1.63)

0.63 (0.28, 1.36)

1.44 (0.79, 2.74)

0.86 (0.46, 1.62)

Moderate activity level

0.95 (0.67,1.34)

1.11 (0.69, 1.77)

1.39 (0.87, 2.22)

0.96 (0.58,1.59)

Current drinker

0.96 (0.71,1.30)

0.43 (0.17,1.07)

0.64 (0.36, 1.13)

0.29 (0.06,1.42)

Current smoker

0.92 (0.53,1.56)

0.64 (0.36,1.13)

0.43 (0.17, 1.07)

0.53 (0.29,1.00)

Obesity

Exposed

1.01 (0.60,1.68)

0.80 (0.23, 3.58)

0.59 (0.03, 10.39)

0.45 (0.09,2.13)

Female

0.63 (0.43,0.91) a

0.44 (0.25, 0.78) a

0.55 (0.32, 0.94) a

0.67 (0.40,1.11)

Age

1.02 (0.99,1.06)

0.94 (0.66,1.33)

0.93 (0.61, 1.45)

0.96 (0.80,1.05)

Urban

0.73 (0.48,1.09)

0.86 (0.46, 1.59)

0.62 (0.34, 1.14)

0.74 (0.43,1.25)

Illiterate

1.56 (0.88,2.77)

1.91 (0.86,4.25)

2.46 (1.05, 5.41) a

2.43 (1.06,5.55) a

Primary school

1.15 (0.63,2.12)

0.96 (0.40,2.33)

1.57 (0.67, 3.70)

1.73 (0.73, 4.09)

Secondary school

1.43 (0.79,2.54)

1.18 (0.56,2.49)

1.87 (0.87, 4.05)

1.42 (0.59,3.38)

Unhealthy dietary pattern

0.97 (0.69,1.37)

1.09 (0.65, 1.85)

0.98 (0.60, 1.63)

1.20 (0.75,1.92)

Low physical activity level

1.42 (0.86,2.32)

1.12 (0.48, 2.59)

1.71 (0.82, 3.60)

1.05 (0.53, 2.08)

Moderate activity level

1.35 (0.90,2.03)

0.87 (0.44,1.75)

1.78 (1.00, 3.12)

1.33 (0.77, 2.29)

Current drinker

1.50 (0.82, 1.61)

1.17 (0.58, 2.36)

0.23 (0.02, 2.47)

0.48 (0.23,1.00)

Current smoker

1.20 (0.88, 1.61)

1.50 (0.73,3.10)

0.78 (0.46, 1.35)

0.29 (0.06, 1.42)

  1. Normal BMI, Male gender, rural residence, healthy dietary pattern, vigorous, non-smoker/drinker, physical activity above education secondary school education, healthy dietary pattern was reference
  2. aVariables with significant association