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Table 2 Overall significant adjusted odds ratio for loneliness for each age group

From: Age differences in demographic, social and health-related factors associated with loneliness across the adult life span (19–65 years): a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands

 

19–34 years

35–49 years

50–65 years

Model pseudo R2 0.410

Model pseudo R2 0.364

Model pseudo R2 0.378

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Demographic factors

 Gender

  Malea

   

  Female

 

0.76 (0.65–0.88)

0.73 (0.65–0.83)

 Education

  Lowa

   

  Intermediate

0.65 (0.47–0.90)

  

  High

0.53 (0.38–0.73)

  

 Ethnicity

  Dutch Origina

   

  Non-Dutch Origin

2.06 (1.60–2.65)

2.16 (1.78–2.62)

1.27 (1.08–1.49)

 Employment Status

  Not currently employeda

   

  Employed

 

0.71 (0.56–0.90)

 

 Financial imbalance

  Noa

   

  Yes

2.00 (1.56–2.56)

1.54 (1.25–1.91)

1.30 (1.10–1.54)

 Marital status

  Married/living togethera

   

  Never been married

  

1.47 (1.10–1.97)

  Divorced

  

1.48 (1.14–1.93)

  Widowed

  

1.37 (0.96–1.96)

Social factors

 Living arrangement

  Living alonea

   

  2 or more persons

0.57 (0.43–0.75)

0.58 (0.45–0.75)

0.69 (0.53–0.89)

 Volunteer work

  Noa

   

  Yes

   

 Family contact

  More than twice a montha

   

  Less than twice a month

 

1.91 (1.30–2.80)

2.03 (1.58–2.61)

 Friends contact

  More than twice a montha

   

  Less than twice a month

5.93 (3.82–9.22)

3.34 (2.55–4.37)

3.237 (2.65–3.96)

 Neighbours contact

  More than twice a montha

   

  Less than twice a month

1.55 (1.27–1.90)

1.63 (1.35–1.98)

1.631 (1.39–1.91)

 Society exclusion

  (Very) oftena

   

  Sometimes, never

0.34 (0.22–0.49)

0.41 (0.30–0.57)

0.41 (0.30–0.56)

Health-related factors

 General health

  Poor

   

  Good

  

0.78 (0.67–0.90)

 Limitations in daily activities

  Noa

   

  Yes

   

 Psychological Distress

  No/low riska

   

  Moderate/high risk

2.15 (1.77–2.63)

1.908 (1.61–2.26)

1.76 (1.54–2.01)

 Caregiver’s burden

  Not an informal caregivera

   

  No burden

   

  Overburden

   

 Presence of chronic disease

  Noa

   

  Yes

   

 Psychological wellbeing (one unit increase)

0.67 (0.58–0.77)

0.69 (0.62–0.77)

0.70 (0.64–0.76)

 Emotional wellbeing (one unit increase)

0.61 (0.53–0.71)

0.68 (0.60–0.76)

0.61 (0.55–0.67)

 Social wellbeing (one unit increase)

   
  1. Only factors significant at P < 0.05 in the final model are presented
  2. AOR Adjusted odds ratios, CI Confidence interval
  3. a reference category