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Table 4 Typical and specific symptoms and signs of heart failure

From: The epidemiology of heart failure in the general Australian community - study of heart failure in the Australian primary carE setting (SHAPE): methods

Symptoms of heart failure

Signs of heart failure

Dyspnoea (usually with exertion)

Elevated jugular venous pressure

Orthopnoea

Hepatojugular reflux

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

Third heart sound

 

Laterally displaced apex beat

  1. Source: Atherton J, Sindone A, De Pasquale C, et al. National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Guidelines for the prevention, detection and management of heart failure in Australia 2018