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Table 1 Descriptive table of analytical sample

From: Lonely places or lonely people? Investigating the relationship between loneliness and place of residence

N = 4663

 

N (%)/mean (S.D)

Individually-based loneliness (%)

Area-based loneliness (%)

Gender

Males

43.8%

13.7

19.3

Females

56.2%

20.6

28.8

Age

Wave 3

65.5 (7.9)

19.3

24.8

Wave 7

72.8 (7.1)

17.6

24.6

SOCIAL NETWORK

Marital status

(Re) married/partnership

2903 (62.3)

10.9

19.5

Always single

207 (4.4)

23.7

24.7

Divorced/separated

510 (10.9)

28.5

33.7

Widowed/partner died

1043 (22.4)

31.5

36.1

Missing (N)

0

  

Has close relationship with 2+ family member/friend

Yes

3528 (87.5)

15.4

23.2

No

506 (12.5)

33.8

35.1

Missing (N)

629

  

Active civic participation

Yes

2825 (74.2)

15.4

21.8

No

983 (25,8)

22.6

30.0

Missing

855

  

Part of job market

Out of job market

3928 (84.4)

18.1

25.0

Employed/semi-employed

530 (11.4)

13.2

20.2

Looking after home/family

194 (4.2)

19.5

29.3

Missing

11

  

HEALTH STATUS

Self-rated health (wave 4)

Excellent /very good/good

3125 (70.3)

13.3

21.3

Fair/poor

1318 (29.7)

29.1

33.5

Missing

220

  

Depressive symptoms

No

3524 (80.4)

10.9

20.4

3+ out of 8

860 (19.6)

47.7

42.7

Missing

279

  

Activities of daily living (ADL/IADL)

No difficulties

3433 (73.6)

14.4

22.4

Difficulty with 1+

1228 (26.4)

28.6

32.0

Missing

2

  

Long-standing illness

No

1848(39.7)

13.4

20.4

Yes, not limiting

947 (20.3)

14.8

24.0

Yes, limiting

1866 (40.0)

23.8

29.6

Missing

2

  

Reported loneliness

(UCLA scale)

No

3208 (82.5)

n/a

18.1

Yes (6+ out of 9)

683 (17.6)

 

54.0

Missing

772

  

Feel lonely living in this area

No

2993 (75.4)

10.6

n/a

Yes (4+ out of 7)

957 (24.6)

38.6

 

Missing

773

  

GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS (wave 6)

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)

1st quintile (least deprived)

1163 (26.0)

13.3

19.4

2nd

1181 (26.4)

17.7

23.8

3rd

899 (20.1)

17.4

24.3

4th

735 (16.4)

19.5

28.9

5th

500 (11.2)

23.2

31.6

Missing

185

  

Urban/rural distribution

Urban

3271 (72.6)

17.7

25.3

Town/fringe

565 (12.5)

17.7

21.0

Village

497 (11.0)

15.1

23.1

Hamlets /isolated dwellings

174 (3.9)

15.8

23.3

Missing

156

  

Geographical regions

London

385 (8.6)

13.0

25.9

North East

276 (6.1)

14.6

20.1

North West

503 (11.2)

18.3

21.8

Yorkshire and The Humber

487 (10.8)

19.5

26.4

East Midlands

478 (10.6)

18.8

22.0

West Midlands

494 (11.0)

19.6

23.4

East of England

580 (12.9)

15.6

26.5

South East

761 (16.9)

15.5

25.5

South West

532 (11.8)

20.1

25.4

Missing

167

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