Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Sample by Sex
Characteristic | Total | Female (n = 494) | Male (n = 128) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||||
 Age (years) | 58.0 (48.-68.) | 57 (47–69) | 60 (51–66) | 0.6334 |
Highest Education | 0.4214 | |||
  < HS | 81 (13%) | 65 (13%) | 16 (13%) |  |
 HS | 257 (41%) | 208 (42%) | 49 (38%) |  |
 Some college/Tech | 200 (32%) | 160 (32%) | 40 (31%) |  |
 College/Grad School | 84 (14%) | 61 (12%) | 23 (18%) |  |
 Married | 111 (18%) | 21 (16%) | 90 (18%) | 0.6332 |
 Household Income | 12,500 (7500-25,000) | 12,500 (7500-25,000) | 17,500 (7500-35,000) | 0.1460 |
 Physical Function | 70.0 (45.0–90.0) | 70 (45–90) | 75 (50–95) | 0.1478 |
 Time Spent in Neighborhood (years) | 31.0 (9.0–50.0) | 31 (8–50) | 30 (9–50) | 0.8091 |
Baseline Neighborhood Scales | ||||
 Infrastructure Scale | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 0.7079 |
 Perceived Safety Scale | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 0.4643 |
 Aesthetics Scale | 2.7 (2.0–4.0) | 2.7 (2.0–3.7) | 2.7 (2.0–4.0) | 0.8849 |
 Baseline Neighborhood Satisfaction | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 0.4538 |
Perceived Change in Neighborhood | ||||
 Improvement in Infrastructure | 301 (48%) | 238 (48%) | 63 (49%) | 0.8337 |
 Improvement in Safety | 293 (47%) | 238 (48%) | 55 (43%) | 0.2927 |
 Improvement in Aesthetics | 283 (46%) | 226 (46%) | 57 (45%) | 0.8052 |
 Improvement in Neighborhood Satisfaction | 176 (28%) | 153 (31%) | 23 (18%) | 0.0036 |
Cardiometabolic Outcomes (2016) | ||||
 BMI (kg/m [2]) | 30.0 (25.4–35.2) | 30.5 (26.0–35.7) | 27.4 (23.1–32.4) | <.0001 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 127.0 (117.5–142.0) | 126.0 (116.4–140.3) | 131.0 (120.0–148.0) | 0.0351 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 79.5 (71.5–87.0) | 80.0 (71.4–87.0) | 79.0 (72.0–87.0) | 0.9404 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.8 (5.5–6.3) | 5.9 (5.5–6.3) | 5.8 (5.4–6.2) | 0.1490 |
 HDL (mg/dL) | 52.3 (43.2–61.5) | 53.2 (43.4–63.5) | 47.0 (41.7–57.0) | 0.0052 |