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Table 3 Bivariate analysis of covariates with female caregiver-adolescent dyads

From: Violence against children and intimate partner violence against women: overlap and common contributing factors among caregiver-adolescent dyads

 

None

IPV ‘Only’

VAC ‘Only’

IPV and VAC

p

 

n = 71

n = 46

n = 90

n = 124

 

Caregiver Report

 Age, mean (SD)

36.1 (9.7)

38.87 (10.37)

37.98 (8.05)

37.23 (6.48)

0.30

Education, % (n)

 Primary

64.52 (40)

90.24 (37)

76.19 (64)

88.79 (103)

< 0.01

 High School or more

35.48 (22)

9.76 (4)

23.81 (20)

11.21 (13)

 

Religion, % (n)

 Catholic/Christian

81.43 (57)

76.09 (35)

76.67 (69)

79.03 (98)

0.87

 Muslim

18.57 (13)

23.91 (11)

23.33 (21)

20.97 (26)

 

 SES, mean (SD)

−0.01 (0.24)

−0.03 (0.3)

−0.1 (0.29)

−0.02 (0.27)

0.09

 Mental distress (SRQ), mean (SD)

4.72 (3.62)

6.72 (4.64)

5.21 (3.93)

7.3 (4.07)

0.00

 Alcohol, median (min-max) a

0 (0–1)

0 (0–2)

0 (0–4)

0 (0–4)

0.07

Partner Living Status, % (n)

 Do not live together

14.08 (10)

4.35 (2)

13.33 (12)

13.71 (17)

0.36

 Live together

85.92 (61)

95.65 (44)

86.67 (78)

86.29 (107)

 

 Intimate Partner Emotional Attachment, mean (SD)

14.87 (4.6)

17.37 (5.49)

15 (5.7)

18.56 (6.52)

0.00

 Attitudes toward VAC, mean (SD)

15.01 (3.1)

14.19 (2.62)

14.08 (2.74)

13.74 (2.89)

0.04

Adolescent Report

Sex, % (n)

 Female

45.07 (32)

50 (23)

36.67 (33)

37.9 (47)

0.36

 Male

54.93 (39)

50 (23)

63.33 (57)

62.1 (77)

 

 Children age, mean (SD)

13.99 (1.18)

13.85 (1.17)

13.99 (1.24)

13.89 (1.24)

0.87

Physical disability, % (n)

 No

80.28 (57)

69.57 (32)

85.56 (77)

76.61 (95)

0.15

 Yes

19.72 (14)

30.43 (14)

14.44 (13)

23.39 (29)

 

Family Structure, % (n)

 Lives with bio mother

35.71 (25)

41.3 (19)

40 (36)

47.58 (59)

0.81

 Lives with bio father

7.14 (5)

6.52 (3)

6.67 (6)

3.23 (4)

 

 Lives with both bio parents

25.71 (18)

19.57 (9)

24.44 (22)

25 (31)

 

 Lives with neither bio parent

31.43 (22)

32.61 (15)

28.89 (26)

24.19 (30)

 

 Mental health difficulties (SDQ), mean (SD)

14.3 (5.29)

15.39 (6.36)

15.32 (5.51)

14.35 (5.08)

0.42

 Belong, mean (SD)

7.23 (2.1)

7.48 (2.22)

7.21 (2.31)

7.27 (2.16)

0.92

Study arm, % (n)

 Control

42.25 (30)

52.17 (24)

54.44 (49)

52.42 (65)

0.46

 Intervention

57.75 (41)

47.83 (22)

45.56 (41)

47.58 (59)

 
  1. ANOVA for continuous variables; Chi-square for nominal variables; aKruskall-Wallis for ordinal variables